1. Imperialism

2. Africa
Imperialism – the takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people

3. Africa Causes of Imperialism Industrial Revolution Nationalism
Need for raw materials
Need for people to trade with
Nationalism
My country’s better
Social Darwinism = Survival of the fittest = war
White Man’s Burden
White people were superior and therefore need to teach other races
Christianity needs to spread

5. Dr. Livingstone and Henry Stanley

7. Africa Problem with Africa = malaria delivered by mosquitoes
However, Europe solved that problem with the drug quinine

8. Africa
Stanley comes back and has African tribes in Congo sign away their land to Belgium
Congo was 80 times larger than Belgium

9. Rubber Vines

11. Punish-
ment

13. 5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.)
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit Belgian Official

14. Africa How did they do it? Other countries started to follow Belgium
Better weapons (machine guns)
Steam Engines = railroads, steamers
Africans fought against each other and not against Europeans
Other countries started to follow Belgium

15. Africa
To prevent fighting, the European nations met at the Berlin Conference to lay down rules for the division of Africa
No African nation was represented

17. Africa
Cecil Rhodes led Britain into Africa and found Diamond mines = DeBeers company started
Also wanted a railroad from South Africa to North Africa to transport diamonds

19. Africa Some Africans fought back
In southern Africa, Shaka Zulu fought against Boers = lost because of no superior weapons

20. Africa
Algeria under Samori Toure actively resisted the French for 16 years
Religious resistants like the Maji Maji rebellion against the Germans happened often (German killed 26,000 with machine guns)

21. Africa
Ethiopia under Menelik II successfully resisted using modern weapons to defeat the Italians at the Battle of Adowa
Only African country to remain free

22. Africa One other African country stayed independent
Liberia because it was protected by the US
US sent some slaves back to Africa and that was the country they created

23. Positives Local warfare was reduced Life spans increased
Literacy increased
Technology advanced

24. Negatives Africans lost control of land and independence
Many died from smallpox
Famines as cash crops replaced food
Breakdown of traditional cultures
Africa was divided badly

25. Ottoman
Ottoman Empire started to collapse

26. Ottoman
European countries began to take territory away from the Ottoman Empire
Examples: Greece and Serbia becoming independent
Examples: Crimean War = Russia fighting for ports on the Black Sea

27. Ottoman
Florence Nightingale

28. Ottoman Muhammad Ali took control of Egypt from the Ottomans
Under his heirs, the Suez Canal was built; it connected the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, so travelers did not have to go all the way around Africa.

29. Ottoman Britain soon took the Suez Canal from Egypt because of debts
Europe took away land for its strategic location or products = geopolitics

30. Ottoman

31. USA
USA also becomes imperialistic using the Monroe Doctrine which says no European nation can colonize the West
A ship of ours called the USS Maine blew up in a Spanish harbor in Cuba = Spanish-American War

32. USA
We won and received Spanish territory in the Caribbean and the Pacific
Caribbean = Puerto Rico, Cuba
Pacific = Philippines, Guam

33. USA
Philippines under Emilio Aguinaldo fought the US because we said we would give them independence and we did not, but lost

34. USA
US led by sugar planter Sanford Dole also took Hawaii from Queen Liliuokalani
We did this because we needed a naval base in the Pacific and cheap sugar

35. USA
The US also helped build the Panama Canal which connected the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans in Central America

36. British Empire
East India Company came to India and soon took over India
It had its own army and controlled the Indian government

37. British Empire
India has a lot of raw materials and 300 million people to buy British goods
It was soon called “jewel in the crown”

38. British Empire
India was just one territory under Britain ruled by Queen Victoria
Their empire was so large that people said “the sun never sets on the Empire”

39. Indians Rebel
A rumor started that cartridges were covered with beef or pork fat and Hindus and Muslims cannot eat cow or pigs and the sepoys refused to take the cartridges. They were jailed and the sepoys (Indian soilders) rebelled.
This was called the Sepoy rebellion and it took a year to put down.
Indians could not fight together. Hindus and Muslims constantly fought each other.

40. Southeast Asia Dutch took control of Indonesia
France took control of Southeast Asia

42. China China would not trade with Europeans
The Europeans illegally started selling opium to the Chinese. Then trade flourished.

43. China
The Chinese government told Europe no more opium and Europe said no = Opium War
Europe had modern weapons and opened up China to trade

44. China Hong Xiuquan led the Taiping Rebellion against China.
It took ten years to put the rebellion down.

45. China
Another rebellion happened in China, this time against foreigners
Boxer rebellion attacked foreigners in China until it was put down by the Europeans

46. China
Because of that war, Europe was able to carve out spheres of influence from China
Spheres of influence are areas where a foreign nation controls trade and $

48. Japan Japan did not want to trade either
US under Matthew Perry with our modern navy opened the ports of Japan to foreigners for trade

50. Japan The shogunate who allowed the US in was overthrown
The emperor took over and modernized Japan.
This reign was called the Meji Restoration

51. Japan’s Imperialism
In 20 years, Japan attacked China and took over Korea.
Japan also invaded Manchuria where Russia was and Russia went to war against Japan = Russo-Japanese War

52. Japan
Japan amazingly won and became a new world power