2. What are the problems occurring in modern Africa?

3. Genocide in Darfur

4. CIVIL WAR CONGO

5. AIDS

6. Food Shortages

7. Political & Economic Turmoil

8. Essential Questions What has been the impact of European colonization on Africa? What is the legacy of colonialism on Africa today?

9. Africa Regions

10. Africa Vegetation

11. African Trade 1450-1600

12. Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

13. Industrial Revolution ECONOMIC Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods Political Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Pop. Exploratory Humanitarian Reasons European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism

14. European Explorers in Africa Europeans venture into the interior of Africa

15. Where Is Dr. Livingstone? Dr. David Livingstone Doctor Livingstone, I Presume? Sir Henry Morton Stanley

16. European Explorations in mid-19c:

17. What is the Source of the Nile? John Speke Sir Richard Burton

18. Africa 1875

19. Missionaries follow Explorers

20. Social Darwinism

21. The “White Man’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling

22. The “White Man’s Burden”?

24. King Leopold of Belgium hires Stanley to explore the Congo River Basin He dreamed of conquest and profit Influenced other nations to “scramble” for the Congo

25. The Congo Free State or The Belgian Congo

26. King Leopold II: (r. 1865 – 1909)

27. Leopold brutally exploits the riches of the Congo Copper, rubber & ivory

28. Harvesting Rubber Workers were savagely beaten and forced to work for almost no wages

29. Punishing “Lazy” Workers

30. 5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.) It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

31. Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

32. Leopold’s Conscience??

33. Leopold if forced to turn over his colony to the Belgian government. 1908 becomes the Belgian Congo

34. The Berlin Conference 1884-1885 Conference called to avoid bloodshed over the Congo Free State & other claims to Africa No Africans were invited Recognized Leopold’s claims to the Congo--but called for free trade on Congo & Niger rivers Could not claim territory w/out a gov’t office set up in the territory Recognized German and British claims to East Africa, while Portugal received Mozambique. European’s partition almost entire continent Redrew map of Africa with little regard for traditional patterns of settlement or ethnic boundaries

35. Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 Another point of view? 

36. Berlin Conference of 1884-1885

37. European Colonization/Decolonization Patterns Berlin Conference of 1884-85

38. France Extends its Influence 1830 invasion of Algeria

40. Britain’s territory is more scattered

41. British Clash with the Boers in South Africa Boers are descendents of Dutch settlers

42. The Great Trek, 1836-38 Afrikaners Boers fled British rule

43. Diamonds found in South Africa Raw Diamonds

44. The Struggle for South Africa The Boer War 1899-1902 Bitter guerrilla fighting British win, but with great losses Creation of the Union of South Africa (1910) System of complete racial segregation until 1993

45. The Boer War: 1899 - 1900 The Boers The British

46. A Future British Prime Minister British Boer War Correspondent, Winston Churchill

47. Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) Diamond & gold miner Supported British imperialism in Africa Had entire British colony named after him Rhodesia now Zimbabwe Promoted the policy of racial segregation

48. African’s Resist Imperialism Samori Toure Fought French in W. Africa Yaa Asantewaa Fought British in Asante war Nehanda Fought British in Zimbabwe Shaka Zulu Fought the Boers Menelik II Ejected Italian invaders

49. Africa in 1914