1. How to write a DBQ Essay DBQ DBQ Document Based Question Document Based Question

2. Thesis Statements Although it can be argued that the political motivations eventually made the split between Henry/Luther and the Church irreconcilable, both initially left for personal reasons, such as legal disputes for Luther and the lack of a male heir for Henry. Although it can be argued that the political motivations eventually made the split between Henry/Luther and the Church irreconcilable, both initially left for personal reasons, such as legal disputes for Luther and the lack of a male heir for Henry.

3. Henry VIII left the Church for personal reasons, while Luther left for political ones. Henry VIII left the Church for personal reasons, while Luther left for political ones.

4. Despite the fact that Henry left because of greedy self-interest, he and Luther both had political reasons for leaving the Church. Despite the fact that Henry left because of greedy self-interest, he and Luther both had political reasons for leaving the Church.

5. Foundation of a good thesis statement? Foundation of a good thesis statement? A good thesis statement… A good thesis statement… …answers the question …answers the question …is supported by evidence …is supported by evidence …is precise …is precise …previews broad points of your argument …previews broad points of your argument …is arguable (in other words, it isn’t simply a statement of fact) …is arguable (in other words, it isn’t simply a statement of fact)

6. Progression of Thesis Statement #1 The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different. The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different.

7. While both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of tariffs, the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions. While both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of tariffs, the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions.

8. While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against tyranny and oppression, Northerners focused on preserving the Union while Southerners defended their own rights to property and self-government. While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against tyranny and oppression, Northerners focused on preserving the Union while Southerners defended their own rights to property and self-government.

9. Progression of Thesis Statement #2 Martin Luther didn’t like Catholic Church practices including simony, nepotism, and the selling of indulgences. Martin Luther didn’t like Catholic Church practices including simony, nepotism, and the selling of indulgences.

10. Despite political pressure that contributed to later conflict, the core cause of the Reformation included heavily criticized practices of the Catholic Church including simony, nepotism, and the selling of indulgences. Despite political pressure that contributed to later conflict, the core cause of the Reformation included heavily criticized practices of the Catholic Church including simony, nepotism, and the selling of indulgences.

11. Introductory Paragraph Introductory Paragraph 4-6 Sentences 4-6 Sentences Establish Establish Time & Place Time & Place Thesis Statement Thesis Statement Clear Clear Bold your thesis statement Bold your thesis statement Underline in handwritten essays Underline in handwritten essays Allude to Allude to Subtopics Subtopics Focus on the question Focus on the question

12. The Middle Paragraphs The Middle Paragraphs 8-12 sentences per paragraph 8-12 sentences per paragraph Identify subtopic in the first sentence Identify subtopic in the first sentence Hand written essays Hand written essays Leave a space between each topical paragraph Leave a space between each topical paragraph Include documents that are relevant to support your ideas in the paragraph Include documents that are relevant to support your ideas in the paragraph Use the documents given Use the documents given 70% 70% Indicate Indicate Point of View (POV) Point of View (POV) Write (POV) in handwritten essays Write (POV) in handwritten essays Bias Bias Use supportive outside information Use supportive outside information Why were these documents selected? Why were these documents selected?

13. Facts Facts Names Names Erasmus Erasmus Dates Dates October 31, October 31, Terms Terms Events Events Places Places Movements Movements Humanism Humanism

14. Questions to Ask Yourself About the Documents Attribution Attribution Who is this person? Who is this person? Why might they be significant? Why might they be significant? What is the point of view of the author? What is the point of view of the author? How reliable and accurate is the source? How reliable and accurate is the source? What is the tone or intent of the author? What is the tone or intent of the author? What other information does this document call to mind? What other information does this document call to mind? Use all available clues Use all available clues

15. Demonstrating POV/Bias Attribution Attribution Cite the author by Cite the author by Name Name Title Title Position Position Why is this person and document selected? Why is this person and document selected? How does it help me answer the question? How does it help me answer the question?

16. Examples: Examples: John Tyler, an English writer said, “… John Tyler, an English writer said, “… A Dominican Monk in Florence described… A Dominican Monk in Florence described…

17. Authorial Point of View Authorial Point of View Show awareness that aspects of the author could influence their views. Show awareness that aspects of the author could influence their views. Gender Gender Occupation Occupation Social class Social class Nationality Nationality Political position Political position How does this apply to the question? How does this apply to the question? Why has the author written what they have? Why has the author written what they have?

18. Example: Example: Balthasar Rusow, a Lutheran pastor, was naturally upset by the celebration of a Saint’s Day, since Lutherans don’t venerate saints. Balthasar Rusow, a Lutheran pastor, was naturally upset by the celebration of a Saint’s Day, since Lutherans don’t venerate saints.

19. Reliability and accuracy of each source referenced Reliability and accuracy of each source referenced You examine a source for its reliability and accuracy by questioning if the author of the document would be in a position to be accurate. You examine a source for its reliability and accuracy by questioning if the author of the document would be in a position to be accurate. How might this help you answer your question? How might this help you answer your question?

20. Example: Example: Niccolo Machiavelli’s book on the political tactics of a Renaissance prince was probably accurate as he observed the behavior of the prince, Cesare Borgia, for many years. Niccolo Machiavelli’s book on the political tactics of a Renaissance prince was probably accurate as he observed the behavior of the prince, Cesare Borgia, for many years.

21. Tone or Intent of the Author Tone or Intent of the Author You examine the text of a document to determine its tone (satire, irony, indirect commentary, etc.) or the intent of the author. Especially useful for visual documents, like art work or political cartoons. You examine the text of a document to determine its tone (satire, irony, indirect commentary, etc.) or the intent of the author. Especially useful for visual documents, like art work or political cartoons.

22. Example: Example: In his great sculpture of “David,” Michelangelo wanted to convey the confidence, and even arrogance, of Renaissance Florence at the peak of its cultural influence in 16 Century Europe. In his great sculpture of “David,” Michelangelo wanted to convey the confidence, and even arrogance, of Renaissance Florence at the peak of its cultural influence in 16 Century Europe.

23. Grouping Documents by author: Grouping Documents by author: You show an awareness that certain types of authors, simply by their authorship, will express similar views when you group documents by type of author. You show an awareness that certain types of authors, simply by their authorship, will express similar views when you group documents by type of author.

24. Example: Example: As Northern Renaissance humanists, Erasmus, Sir Thomas More, and Cervantes all poked fun at the foibles and scandals of late medieval society as well as of their own. As Northern Renaissance humanists, Erasmus, Sir Thomas More, and Cervantes all poked fun at the foibles and scandals of late medieval society as well as of their own.

25. How to Reference a Document in Your Essay Baldassare Castiglione, in The Handbook of the Courtier, said: “………………….” Baldassare Castiglione, in The Handbook of the Courtier, said: “………………….” Erasmus of Rotterdam, a northern Christian humanist, agreed with… Erasmus of Rotterdam, a northern Christian humanist, agreed with… The 19 th century historian, Jacob Burkhardt, felt that …………………. (Doc. 9) The 19 th century historian, Jacob Burkhardt, felt that …………………. (Doc. 9) NEVER begin with: In Document 3, ….. NEVER begin with: In Document 3, …..

26. Concluding Paragraph Conclusion Conclusion 3-4 Sentences 3-4 Sentences Start with a concluding phrase Start with a concluding phrase Restate your thesis in a different way Restate your thesis in a different way Put your essay answer in a larger historical perspective. Put your essay answer in a larger historical perspective. End of some trend/movement/idea, etc. End of some trend/movement/idea, etc. Beginning of some trend/movement/idea, etc. Beginning of some trend/movement/idea, etc. End of one & beginning of another. End of one & beginning of another. Do NOT end on the note that this is the reason we are where we are today! Do NOT end on the note that this is the reason we are where we are today!