1. The Civil War
Chapter 16

2. The Two Sides
16-1
Pages

3. Choosing Sides
After South Carolina secede from the Union, five states left the Union and formed the Confederacy in February of 1861.
By June five more states joined the Confederacy.

4. Choosing Sides Confederate States South Carolina Dec.30, 1860
Mississippi Jan.9, 1861
Florida Jan. 10,1861
Alabama Jan. 11, 1861
Georgia Jan, 19, 1861

5. Choosing Sides Confederate States Louisiana Jan. 26, 1861
Texas Feb. 1, 1861
Arkansas May 6, 1861
North Carolina May 20, 1861
Virginia April 17, 1861
Tennessee June 8, 1861

6. The Confederate Government
President
Jefferson Davis
Vice President
Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Secretary of State
Robert Toombs
Secretary of War
Leroy Pope Walker
Secretary of the Treasury
Christopher Memminger
Attorney General
Judith P Benjamin
Secretary of the Navy
Stephen Mallory
Postmaster General
John H Regan
Capital
Montgomery, Alabama then Richmond, Virginia

7. Choosing Sides
The Confederacy choose Richmond, Virginia as their capital. It was 100 miles from the Union capital of Washington, D.C.

8. Choosing Sides Union Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Vermont
New York
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Ohio

9. Choosing Sides Kansas Oregon California Union Indiana Illinois Iowa
Wisconsin
Michigan
Minnesota

10. Choosing Sides Border States
Maryland- close to Richmond, excellent railroad lines and held the Union capital within its borders.
Delaware- close to Philadelphia
Kentucky- controlled the Ohio River
Missouri-control of the Mississippi River
West Virginia- joined the Union after breaking away from Virginia

11. Choosing Sides
Most white Southerners supported secession, but people in the Appalachian region of Tennessee and Virginia opposed it.
In Virginia a movement to secede from the state and rejoin the Union grew. The separate state of West Virginia joined the Union in 1863.

12. Choosing Sides Discussion Question
Why was Maryland the most important border state?
Maryland was the most important border state because it was about 100 miles from Washington D.C. It had important railroad lines. If Maryland had seceded, Confederates would have surrounded the North’s government in Washington, D.C.

13. Comparing North and South
Advantages of the North
A larger population
22 million people ( about 10 million more than the South. The South had 9 million free citizens and 3.5 million slaves)

14. Choosing Sides Advantages of the North
More factories that could produce finish products such as guns, uniforms, and military supplies.
In addition these factories could produce canned food products.

15. Choosing Sides Advantages of the North
A bigger and better navy and merchant marine.

16. Choosing Sides Advantages of the North
Railway system twice as large as the South’s to move troops and supplies

17. Choosing Sides Advantages of the North
Most of the banks and cash in the United States were located in the North.

18. The Advantages of the South
Better military leaders at the beginning of the War
Home court advantage- Most of the war was fought in the South on familiar terrain.
More skilled horsemen and riflemen
Strong support for the war from the South’s population.

19. War Aims The major goals of the North were to:
Restore the Union by bringing the Southern states that seceded back into the Union
End slavery

20. War Aims
The Union Plan
Blockade Southern ports to prevent supplies from entering and cotton from being exported.
Gain control of the Mississippi River to cut Southern supply lines and to split the Confederacy
Capture Richmond the Confederate capital

21. War Aims
The South’s war goal was to win recognition as an independent nation so the South could preserve their traditional way of life, including slavery.

22. War Aims The Confederate Plan
The Confederacy thought that the North would tire quickly so their aim was to hold as much territory as possible.
To obtain Britain and France as allies.
To move North and attack northern cities especially Washington, D.C.

23. Choosing Sides Discussion Question
What do you feel was the greatest advantage and disadvantage of both the North and the South?

24. American People at War
Soldiers came from all walks of life although many came from farms.
One difficult aspect of the Civil War was that Americans were fighting other Americans.
The average age of most soldiers was 25 years, but about 40 percent were 21 years or younger.
A soldiers term of service was 90 days at first but then longer when the war did not come to a quick end as many has speculated.

25. American People at War
The number of soldiers from the North and South differed greatly.
By the summer of 1861, the Confederate army ( Rebels) numbered 112,000.
The Union ( Yankees) numbered about 187,000.

26. American People at War
By the end of the war 850,000 men fought for the Confederacy and about 2.1 million men fought for the Union.
About 200,000 African Americans fought for the Union and about 10,000 Hispanics fought in the conflict.

27. American People at War Both sides expected the war to end quickly.
Not all leaders shared this opinion, Northern General William Tecumseh Sherman predicted a very long war.

28. Choosing Sides Discussion Question
What made fighting the Civil War difficult?
Although many thought it was going to be a quick and easy war to win this was not to be the case. Americans found it difficult as many were fighting no only fellow Americans but family members.