1. Conflicts between Popes & Monarchs

2. Secular - non-religious; anything not having to do with the Church

3. Secular – non-religious; anything not having to do with the Church
Kings and Emperors of Europe were secular leaders because they did not have religious authority over the people.

4. Excommunication a punishment from the Roman Catholic Church that denied a person access to the sacraments

5. Excommunication – a punishment from the Roman Catholic Church that denied a person access to the sacraments
Popes would use excommunication or the threat of it to influence kings and emperors of Europe. Denial of the sacraments meant you spent eternity in hell.

6. Monarchy- a government ruled by a member of royalty
Monarchy- a government ruled by a member of royalty. This person is referred to as a Monarch (think king, queen, emperor, etc.).

7. Illustrate the meaning of the definitions of Secular, Excommunication and Monarchy. Do not use any words on your drawings except Secular, Excommunication and Monarchy. Create symbols or pictures instead of words. Write the definitions of each term in your own words on the back of your illustration.

8. Holy Roman Empire The area in Europe that is today Germany.
It is called Holy because the leader is crowned by the Pope.
It is called Roman because the emperors saw themselves as the successors to the old Roman Empire.
It is called an Empire because it is ruled by an emperor.

9. Notice how the Holy Roman Empire is divided into smaller areas.
These are ruled by various people such as counts, dukes, princes and kings. This made it difficult for the Holy Roman Emperor to unite all of these places and control them.

10. Lay Investiture Versus Lay – people not in the clergy
Investiture - The ability to appoint bishops and other high clergy .
The Holy Roman Emperor fought with the Pope over who had the right to appoint bishops .
Versus
Pope Gregory VII
Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV

11. Concordat of Worms
This agreement ended the feud over the issue of who would appoint (invest) bishops.
It stated that only the RCC could appoint bishops, but monarchs had the right to grant them fiefs making them their vassals.

12. What did popes do to manipulate monarchs?
Excommunication – popes often used the power of excommunication to influence monarchs.
Interdict – popes could also excommunicate an entire town, region or kingdom to get a king to do what they wanted.
Would you be happy with your king if they got you excommunicated?
What would you do to your king to get become un-excommunicated?

13. 1. Popes v. Monarchs
Pope Gregory VII fought with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over the issue of lay investiture. It was resolved by the Concordat of Worms.

14. 2. Popes v. Monarchs
Pope Innocent III excommunicated King John and interdicted England over the appointment of the archbishop of Canterbury. John gave in.

15. 3. Popes v. Monarchs
Pope Innocent III excommunicated King Philip II and interdicted France when Philip tried to annul (cancel) his marriage after only one day. Philip stayed married.

16. 4. Popes v. Monarchs
Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II fought with different Popes over control of the cities of northern Italy. Frederick never gained control.

17. 3-2-1 3 countries whose monarchs fought with popes
countries whose monarchs fought with popes. 2 names of popes who fought with monarchs 1 issue over which popes and monarchs fought