1. 4 th Nine weeks Key Terms and topics

2. Mesopotamia Middle Eastern Ancient civilization. Area was known as the “fertile Crescent” In biblical account this would be considered the area where the Garden of Eden existed. Therefore it is also referred to as the “Cradle of Civilization”

3. Middle East Known for: Oil reserves Wars/Conflict Religion

4. Flag of Israel Very symbolic. Star of David represents their Jewish culture and heritage. Unique because it is a Jewish nation within the Middle East.

5. AD/BC timeline AD- referring to the year of Christ’s birth. BC- meaning the time before Christ’s birth.

6. Christian Holy Book Bible

7. Islamic Holy Book Koran

8. Jewish Holy Book Torah

9. Feudal System/Feudalism Medieval European political system comprised of a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility, revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.

10. Crusades Series of ancient wars fought between Christians and Muslims. These wars fought in many locations helped spread religion, disease, technology, new ideas,

11. Monastery Early monks living in Monasteries contributed to the world by copying (by hand) famous literary works and religious texts (bible). This allowed information to travel from the past without mechanical print.

12. Hieroglyphics Egyptian writing using symbols or pictures to tell a story, event, or historical records.

13. Cuneiform An ancient form of writing found in the Sumerian civilization. It is referred to as a wedged shaped writing using pictographs to tell a story, event, historical record.

14. Code of Hammurabi First written law code in the world. It stated many of the basic laws that are still in modern law today.

15. Imports/Exports Imports- goods or services entering or coming into a country. Exports- goods or services leaving or sent outside a country.

16. Tariffs A tax on goods entering a country. This tariff or tax helps keep all goods competitive in a country.

17. Marco Polo During the Age of Exploration was known and the explorer who opened up trade routes with Asia..Gunpowder Silk Spices

18. Magellan Explorer during the Age of Exploration who is known as the first explorer to sail around the world (Circumnavigate)

19. Columbus Explorer during the Age of Exploration very interested in discovery of the “New World” or the Americas.

20. Resources Water Trees Air Coal Natural Gas Land

21. Irrigation A way to bring water into an area to supply the needs of humans and/or crops.

22. Terracing Carved steps into mountains or high elevations for farming or living purposes. Makes land that is otherwise useless now useable.

23. Delta Area where a river deposits sediment into an ocean. Examples include the Mississippi River Delta, and, the Nile River Delta in Africa.

24. Latitude and Longitude Lines on a map or globe that help find locations of specific places.

25. Physical Map vs. Political Map

26. Industrial Revolution When production of goods changed from being made by hand to be made by machines.

27. Car Industry/Assembly Line Henry Ford (Ford Motor Company) Developed a way to speed up production by using workers to specialize in one job along a line of production.

28. Labor Unions Developed by workers to ensure Fair wages Safe work environments Benefits

29. Strikes Effective form of protest. Often occurs to get a message across. Examples include: Pickett Lines Sit Ins

30. Examples of Peaceful Protest Picket Lines Sit Ins Boycotts

31. Hurricanes Occur in along the Eastern Sea Coast of the United States and along the Gulf coast (Gulf of Mexico)

32. Grasslands Areas of land in the American mid west. Often referred to as “Americas Breadbasket” Where we see a lot of agricultural activities take place. (Farming)

33. Culture It is the way a civilization of people… Talk Sing Dance Worship Recreation

34. Melting pot E’ Pluribus Unum “Out of many- One”

35. Spanish Influences to America Guitar Horses Corn Language Fiesta

36. Canada (Bilingual) French and English speaking citizens. It tells a lot about their roots or origin of their nation.

37. Primary Source Secondary Source Secondary sources provide interpretation and analysis of primary sources. Secondary sources are one step removed from the original event or "horse's mouth." Examples of secondary sources: Britannica Online encyclopedia (online) American National Biography (database) literary criticism analyzing a play, poem, novel, or short story magazine or newspaper articles about events or people political commentary analyzing an election or politician (via Lexis-Nexis database) textbooks A primary source is a document, speech, or other sort of evidence written, created or otherwise produced during the time under study. Primary sources offer an inside view of a particular event. Examples include: Original documents: autobiographies, diaries, e-mail, interviews, letters, minutes, news film footage, official records, photographs, raw research data, speeches Creative works: art, drama, films, music, novels, poetry Relics or artifacts: buildings, clothing, DNA, furniture, jewelry, pottery

38. Memorial Day Originally known as decorative day was put in place to honor the fallen American service members

39. Martin Luther King Jr. Leader of the 1964 civil rights movement.

40. Pre-historic people In world history these are the people who are before written records. Referred to as hunter/gatherers (Nomads)

41. Economic Systems Market- (Free Enterprise) Driven by produced supply and consumers demand for products. (Example: United States) Mixed- a combination of market and some command economic principals. Traditional – where economic decisions are influenced by tradition and culture. (Example: Asian countries/China, and rice production) Command- economic system in which the government controls how much or little of a product is made or sold. (Examples: communist countries- North Korea)

42. Economic Terms Economy Supply and demand Competition Scarcity Market price

43. Age of Exploration Age in which exploration occurred. Spain and Portugal were very involved seeking riches and discovery of new lands. During this period new discoveries were made also it was a period of diffusion or spread of technology, disease, innovation, cultural discovery, invention.

44. Different types of power Solar Wind Nuclear Hydro-electric Geothermal Sometimes referred to as alternative power sources.

45. The Great Convergence Occurs to America from across the world. Groups from the 1600’s to today include: England Germany Scotland Ireland Mexico China Spain

46. Social Interaction The way people in a group or civilization…. Communicate Participate in clubs Athletic events Recreation (picnics/socials)

47. Social Institutions Established in societies: Family Government Economy Religion Education

48. Regions of Kentucky

49. Examples of Kentucky Culture Horse racing Kentucky Fried Chicken Bluegrass music. Tobacco.

50. Origins of the Word Kentucky Derived from the Native Americans who lived in the lands before it became the state of Kentucky.