1. Roaring Twenties

2. The changes seen in America during the 1920’s can be summarized into the following themes. Changes for African Americans Economics Arts and Leisure Sports and Entertainment Red Scare Government Foreign Policy Changes for Women

3. African Americas Growth of Jazz ◦ Duke Ellington ◦ Bessie Smith ◦ Louis Armstrong Harlem Renaissance ◦ Movement throughout black culture, that influenced the arts and social thought

4. African Americans cont. Langston Hughes Poet James Weldon Johnson Coined the term “Harlem Renaissance” Zora Neale Hurston “Their Eyes Were Watching God” Apollo Theater

5. African Americans cont. The Great Migration ◦ Moved due to Jim Crow laws and economic opportunities Klu Klux Klan ◦ Growth in membership due to Red Scare and Communism ◦ Blacks, Catholics, Jews, and Immigrants

6. Economics Easy Credit Installment plans “must haves” ◦ Cars, washing machines, radios, vacuums Unregulated $ ◦ Loans Buying on stock margins High speculation of stock

7. Arts and Leisure Art Deco: lavish architecture and design. Over the top colors and design Literature ◦ F. Scott Fitzgerald ◦ Ernest Hemingway ◦ Zora Neale Hurston ◦ Edna St. Vincent Millay ◦ Sinclair Lewis Lost Generation: group of writers including Fitzgerald and Hemingway who moved to Europe following WWI over the disillusionment with America

8. Sports and Entertainment New Fads ◦ Dance Marathons ◦ Flagpole sitting 1922 King Tut’s tomb is explored Sports Stars ◦ Jack Dempsey ◦ Babe Ruth ◦ Gertrude Ederle ◦ Andrew “Rube” Foster

9. Red Scare The time period when America was fearful of a communist revolution and therefore discriminated against immigrants and other Americans who others felt held socialist ideas. Immigration Act of 1921

10. Red Scare in America Sacco and Vanzetti ◦ Italian immigrants charged with murder and robbery. ◦ Circumstantial evidence, but charged anyway. ◦ Unfair trial; found guilty and received death penalty

11. Red Scare in America Palmer Raids ◦ In 1919 Palmer and his men led raids all across the country searching the homes of suspected anarchists and socialists. ◦ January 1920, 33 cities across the country were raided and gov’t officials arrested thousands. ◦ No real evidence. However, 500 were deported.

12. Government Under Harding ◦ “Return to Normalcy” ◦ Fordney-McCumber Tariff  Made it impossible for Britain and France to trade enough to pay back war debts to the US ◦ Dawes Plan  Loaned Germany money ◦ Teapot Dome Scandal  Ohio Gang-From Harding’s Home town

13. Government Under Coolidge ◦ Thinks business is private and should remain that way ◦ Lowered taxes, gave businesses high credit to expand, high tariffs on foreign goods ◦ If Coolidge had put safeguards in place, would the Great Depression have been as bad as it was?

14. Government Prohibition ◦ 18 th amendment ◦ Speakeasies ◦ Moonshine ◦ Gangs ◦ Al Capone ◦ Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson

15. Foreign Policy Kellogg Briand Pact: over 15 countries signed this agreement that made declaration of war illegal ◦ Why wouldn’t this work? Washington Naval Conference: meeting in the US between the US, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy ◦ Major success for world disarmament

16. Changes for Women WWI helped proved their worth in the workplace 19 th amendment The Flapper New inventions gave women more free time ◦ Washing machine and vacuum Women wanted to remain in the workplace