1. Michael Pensini, Jasdeep Hayer & Mrinal Vora Partitioning and Emulation

2. Overview How to Partition & format of Disks How to Partition & format of Disks 3 Partitions Made Fat32 file sys used 3 Partitions Made Fat32 file sys used Installation of Win98 & Linux Mandrake 8.0 Installation of Win98 & Linux Mandrake 8.0 Installation of software on third partition Installation of software on third partition Implementation of emulator software in Linux Implementation of emulator software in Linux Implementation of VMware Implementation of VMware

3. Why partition? You may have 2 operating systems and want to load them individually. You may have 2 operating systems and want to load them individually. File Structure File Structure Convenience in managing files Convenience in managing files

4. Why Not? Space Wastage Space Wastage Bigger partitions not only waste more space for the same files, they waste a greater portion of the space Bigger partitions not only waste more space for the same files, they waste a greater portion of the space Disk compression utilities like DoubleSpace are more efficient for space saving rather than partitioning Disk compression utilities like DoubleSpace are more efficient for space saving rather than partitioning

5. Selection of Partition Sizes We were allocated a 9.5GB Hard Disk We were allocated a 9.5GB Hard Disk Partition with size in mind. Partition with size in mind. Obviously Small files for small partitions, Large files for large partitions Obviously Small files for small partitions, Large files for large partitions 2 x 3.5GB Partitions + 2.5GB Partition. 2 x 3.5GB Partitions + 2.5GB Partition.

6. FDISK Program used with Microsoft to Partition Disks Program used with Microsoft to Partition Disks Use of FDISK 3 partitions 3 partitions 2 Fat32, 2 Fat32, Last partition Done under Linux Mandrake 8.0 Installation (EXT2) Last partition Done under Linux Mandrake 8.0 Installation (EXT2) Primary, Extended and Logical DOS partitions Primary, Extended and Logical DOS partitions Specifying space

7. FDISK Always Backup Always Backup. Uncertain about your backup hardware and software?

8. Partitioning

9. File Systems FAT32 FAT32 File allocation Table File allocation Table Very simple system Very simple system Resides at top of volume Resides at top of volume FAT32 increases the number of bits used to address clusters & reduces the size of each cluster. FAT32 increases the number of bits used to address clusters & reduces the size of each cluster. Can support larger disks (up to 2 terabytes) and better storage efficiency (less slack space). Can support larger disks (up to 2 terabytes) and better storage efficiency (less slack space).

10. Fat32 Efficiency Disk SizeCluster SizeEfficiency > 260meg4K96.6% > 8gig8K92.9% > 60gig16K85.8% > 2tril32K73.8%

11. File Systems Linux has a very fast file system called the Extended File System Version 2 (EXT2) Linux has a very fast file system called the Extended File System Version 2 (EXT2) More complex system More complex system

12. Goals Of EXT2 The data structure should be recoverable The data structure should be recoverable Must allow for an efficient implementation Must allow for an efficient implementation Disk layout should minimize seek times by clustering data on disk Disk layout should minimize seek times by clustering data on disk The disk layout should conserve disk space The disk layout should conserve disk space

13. Emulators Like running a computer without an operating system. Like running a computer without an operating system. An emulator is something that duplicates the environment that an application runs in An emulator is something that duplicates the environment that an application runs in Mimics one OS within another OS Mimics one OS within another OS

14. WINE (WindowsEmulator) Wine is an implementation of the Windows 3.x and Win32 APIs on top of X and Unix Wine is an implementation of the Windows 3.x and Win32 APIs on top of X and Unix Think of Wine as a Windows compatibility layer Think of Wine as a Windows compatibility layer

15. How did WINE start? Started in 1993. Started in 1993. Its purpose was for running Windows 3.1 programs on Linux. Its purpose was for running Windows 3.1 programs on Linux. Bob Amstadt was the original coordinator, but turned it over fairly early on to Alexandre Julliard Bob Amstadt was the original coordinator, but turned it over fairly early on to Alexandre Julliard Over the years, ports for other Unixes have been added Over the years, ports for other Unixes have been added

16. WINE Features Binary Compatibility Binary Compatibility Support for loading DOS, Windows 3.x and Win32 binaries Support for loading DOS, Windows 3.x and Win32 binaries Support for Win16 and Win32 function calls Support for Win16 and Win32 function calls 16 and 32 bit x86 code 16 and 32 bit x86 code Large interrupt library for programs using real- mode INTxx calls Large interrupt library for programs using real- mode INTxx calls Advanced thunking capabilities Advanced thunking capabilities Optional use of external vendor DLLs Optional use of external vendor DLLs Reverse-engineering design assures ``bug-for-bug'' compatibility Reverse-engineering design assures ``bug-for-bug'' compatibility

17. WINE Features Contd… Graphics Graphics X11-based graphics display X11-based graphics display Remote display to any X terminal Remote display to any X terminal Supports full GDI and many new features of GDI32 Supports full GDI and many new features of GDI32 Partial DirectX support for games Partial DirectX support for games Supports native Win16 printer drivers Supports native Win16 printer drivers Internal PostScript driver printing interface Internal PostScript driver printing interface Metafile driver Metafile driver Desktop-in-a-box or mixable windows Desktop-in-a-box or mixable windows

18. WINE Features Contd… Other Features Other Features Good support for sound, alternative input devices Good support for sound, alternative input devices Modems, serial devices are supported Modems, serial devices are supported Winsock TCP/IP networking Winsock TCP/IP networking ASPI Scanner support ASPI Scanner support

19. WINE Features Contd… Wine API Wine API Designed for source compatibility with Win32 code Designed for source compatibility with Win32 code Sample programs Sample programs Automatically generated API documentation Automatically generated API documentation 32-bit resource compiler 32-bit resource compiler Partial Unicode and support Partial Unicode and support Internationalisation -- Wine supports 16 languages Internationalisation -- Wine supports 16 languages Built-in debugger and configurable trace messages Built-in debugger and configurable trace messages

20. WINE is Windows free Wine does not require Microsoft Windows Wine does not require Microsoft Windows Consisting of 100% Microsoft-free code Consisting of 100% Microsoft-free code Wine comes with complete sources Wine comes with complete sources Wine consists of over 650K lines of C code Wine consists of over 650K lines of C code

21. Requirements for WINE Wine is designed to run on any x86 Computer. Wine is designed to run on any x86 Computer. A minimum of 32 MB real memory is recommended A minimum of 32 MB real memory is recommended Wine itself as an unstripped version needs 70 MB disk space. Wine itself as an unstripped version needs 70 MB disk space. A minimum of 140 MB free space on hard disk. A minimum of 140 MB free space on hard disk. To compile Wine, the minimum you will need is 250 MB. To compile Wine, the minimum you will need is 250 MB.

22. What does WINE consist of? It consists of a program loader, which loads and executes a Windows binary, and a library that implements Windows API calls using their UNIX or X11 equivalents. It consists of a program loader, which loads and executes a Windows binary, and a library that implements Windows API calls using their UNIX or X11 equivalents. The library may also be used for porting Win32 code into native UNIX executables The library may also be used for porting Win32 code into native UNIX executables

23. Strictly not an emulator WINE stands for Wine Is Not an Emulator WINE stands for Wine Is Not an Emulator It implements native code to the function calls present in the Windows DLL's It implements native code to the function calls present in the Windows DLL's Wine provides low-level binary compatibility, but currently only for OS’s running on Intel- compatible chips Wine provides low-level binary compatibility, but currently only for OS’s running on Intel- compatible chips Wine works on most popular Intel Unixes, including Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris. Wine works on most popular Intel Unixes, including Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris.

24. Emulators vs. WINE

26. Why use WINE? Most application software is still developed to run on Windows Most application software is still developed to run on Windows It helps a smooth transition for people switching from Windows to Linux. It helps a smooth transition for people switching from Windows to Linux. Wine can use almost any filesystem that Linux can mount Wine can use almost any filesystem that Linux can mount Makes extensive gaming possible in linux Makes extensive gaming possible in linux

27. WINE Status As of mid 2000, Wine consists of over 650K lines of C code As of mid 2000, Wine consists of over 650K lines of C code written by more than 300 developers from dozens of countries around the world written by more than 300 developers from dozens of countries around the world Wine is in active use by an estimated 90K people Wine is in active use by an estimated 90K people Wine implements more than 90% of the calls in popular Windows specifications such as ECMA-234 and Open32 Wine implements more than 90% of the calls in popular Windows specifications such as ECMA-234 and Open32

28. Still Under Development WINE has been released but is still incomplete. WINE has been released but is still incomplete. Because Wine is being developed by volunteers, it is difficult to predict when it will be ready for general release. Because Wine is being developed by volunteers, it is difficult to predict when it will be ready for general release. But due to the much increased interest by companies in porting apps via Wine, Wine development is constantly getting more and more active. But due to the much increased interest by companies in porting apps via Wine, Wine development is constantly getting more and more active. Expected to run more than 85% of all windows apps in 2 years time. Expected to run more than 85% of all windows apps in 2 years time.

29. Our WINE experience! We had problems configuring WINE We had problems configuring WINE Only managed to make WINE run simple windows applications Only managed to make WINE run simple windows applications WINE run Notepad, Windows CD Player, Calculator and other such small programs WINE run Notepad, Windows CD Player, Calculator and other such small programs Gave configuration errors when trying to run bigger Windows programs Gave configuration errors when trying to run bigger Windows programs

30. VMware Family Overview 4 Main products: 4 Main products: Workstation Workstation Express Express ESX Server ESX Server GSX Server GSX Server

31. ESX Server Server for web serving, database, exchange, streaming media Server for web serving, database, exchange, streaming media Installs without host OS, uses own kernel Installs without host OS, uses own kernel Supports up to 8 processors Supports up to 8 processors Supports 4 – 20 simultaneous virtual machines Supports 4 – 20 simultaneous virtual machines

32. GSX Server Server for Intranet use, Exchange, Application Servers Server for Intranet use, Exchange, Application Servers Installs on top of Linux/Windows 2000/NT Installs on top of Linux/Windows 2000/NT Supports up to 4 processors Supports up to 4 processors Supports 2 – 8 virtual machines Supports 2 – 8 virtual machines

33. VMware Express Features Run Windows 95/98 in Linux Run Windows 95/98 in Linux Eliminate dual booting and partitioning Eliminate dual booting and partitioning Use printers, scanners, modems and devices Use printers, scanners, modems and devices Networking, dial-up access capability Networking, dial-up access capability Support for multiple processors Support for multiple processors Full sound capability Full sound capability

34. Example Screenshot

35. How VMware Express Works MultipleWorlds Technology MultipleWorlds Technology Software layer between Intel architecture & OS Software layer between Intel architecture & OS Manages resources Manages resources Completely independent PC Completely independent PC File sharing File sharing SAMBA on Linux host SAMBA on Linux host Each PC has own network address Each PC has own network address

36. Completely Independent PC Virtual computer does not affect the host Virtual computer does not affect the host Although using same devices, accesses without going through host Although using same devices, accesses without going through host If application of OS error in guest and crash occurs, host continues without error If application of OS error in guest and crash occurs, host continues without error

37. SAMBA Using SAMBA, able to share files between OS Using SAMBA, able to share files between OS Files transferred between applications and guest/host through SAMBA protocol providing total compatibility Files transferred between applications and guest/host through SAMBA protocol providing total compatibility Able to use applications such as Windows Explorer to drag/drop to Linux desktop Able to use applications such as Windows Explorer to drag/drop to Linux desktop Microsoft Word can seamlessly save to Linux partition Microsoft Word can seamlessly save to Linux partition

38. Networking As independent PC, provides full networking support with own network address, as on a real machine As independent PC, provides full networking support with own network address, as on a real machine Supports Dial-Up Networking and LANs providing access to systems running TCP/IP, Microsoft Networking, Novell NetWare, Samba and NFS Supports Dial-Up Networking and LANs providing access to systems running TCP/IP, Microsoft Networking, Novell NetWare, Samba and NFS

39. Installation Process Install VMware Express on PC running Linux Install VMware Express on PC running Linux Install Windows 95/95 onto VMware’s Virtual PC Install Windows 95/95 onto VMware’s Virtual PC Run both OS simultaneously Run both OS simultaneously

40. VMware Workstation Features Run multiple OS simultaneously on 1 machine Run multiple OS simultaneously on 1 machine Eliminate dual booting/partitioning Eliminate dual booting/partitioning Run applications from different OS Run applications from different OS Full networking, dial-up access and file sharing support Full networking, dial-up access and file sharing support Window and full-screen operation of OS Window and full-screen operation of OS Suspend and resume virtual machines Suspend and resume virtual machines

41. VMware Workstation Screenshot

42. VMware Screenshot

43. How VMware Workstation Works MultipleWorlds Technology MultipleWorlds Technology After VMware Installation, configure other OS After VMware Installation, configure other OS Virtual Disks Virtual Disks Undoable Disks Undoable Disks

44. Configuring Guest OS Assign memory, disks, ports and networking for guest Assign memory, disks, ports and networking for guest Power on virtual machine from within host Power on virtual machine from within host Insert boot disk for desired OS to be installed on guest Insert boot disk for desired OS to be installed on guest Continue installing OS through normal procedure Continue installing OS through normal procedure

45. Virtual Disks Disk partitions of virtual machines Disk partitions of virtual machines Stored as file on file system of host operating system Stored as file on file system of host operating system As entire partition is 1 file, manipulation such as copy, move and backup is possible As entire partition is 1 file, manipulation such as copy, move and backup is possible Also enables virtual disks to be shared from a file server Also enables virtual disks to be shared from a file server

46. Undoable Disks Decide whether to save or discard changes made to disk during session Decide whether to save or discard changes made to disk during session Appear as though written to disk, however stored in temporary file until saved Appear as though written to disk, however stored in temporary file until saved When shutting down, 3 options available: When shutting down, 3 options available: Keep changes permanently Keep changes permanently Ignore changes Ignore changes Keep changes in temporary file Keep changes in temporary file

47. Possible Drawbacks Requires powerful hardware Requires powerful hardware Fast processor – at least 500 MHz for 2 virtual machines Fast processor – at least 500 MHz for 2 virtual machines Large amount of RAM – at least 192 MB for 2 virtual machines Large amount of RAM – at least 192 MB for 2 virtual machines Large amount of HDD space Large amount of HDD space Different HDD for guest OS Different HDD for guest OS No 3D graphics support No 3D graphics support

48. Conclusion Good solution for Intel based system requiring multiple OS to be run simultaneously Good solution for Intel based system requiring multiple OS to be run simultaneously VMware express cheaper solution, more limited but still useful for running Windows 9x in Linux VMware express cheaper solution, more limited but still useful for running Windows 9x in Linux VMware workstation extensive capabilities for multiple applications including software/network testing across multiple platforms VMware workstation extensive capabilities for multiple applications including software/network testing across multiple platforms

49. Refrences http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1791/hd- partn.htm http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1791/hd- partn.htm http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1791/hd- partn.htm http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1791/hd- partn.htm www.teleport.com/~brainy/fat32.htm www.teleport.com/~brainy/fat32.htm www.teleport.com/~brainy/fat32.htm support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q154/9/97.Asp support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q154/9/97.Asp www.easytweak.com/fat32/fat32.htm www.easytweak.com/fat32/fat32.htm www.easytweak.com/fat32/fat32.htm www.newlogic.co.uk/kbase/fdisk/page1.htm www.newlogic.co.uk/kbase/fdisk/page1.htm www.newlogic.co.uk/kbase/fdisk/page1.htm www.winehq.com www.winehq.com www.winehq.com http://www.vmware.com http://www.vmware.com http://www.vmware.com http://chris.erway.org/vmware/ http://chris.erway.org/vmware/ http://chris.erway.org/vmware/ http://www.thedukeofurl.org/reviews/misc/vmware202/inde x.shtml http://www.thedukeofurl.org/reviews/misc/vmware202/inde x.shtml http://www.thedukeofurl.org/reviews/misc/vmware202/inde x.shtml http://www.thedukeofurl.org/reviews/misc/vmware202/inde x.shtml