2. Remote Sensing Team William Shannon Senior Major: Computer Sci. Omotileiwa Oluwatoba Fifth Year Student Major: Geoinformatics Minor: Digital Cartography Michael Jefferson Jr. Sophomore Major: Computer Sci. Minor: Math

3. Outline Abstract Intro to Beach Erosion Satellite Imaging vs. Video Imaging Data Retrieval Conclusion References Acknowledgements Questions?

4. Abstract Climate change has affected the North Carolina coastal environments and coastal hazards have already taken place in that area. Significant adverse impacts in the form of frequent storms and higher rates of beach erosion have been registered, thus, making compelling the necessity of a current understanding of the vulnerability of coastal zones. We propose to study this vulnerability in the Duck area, North Carolina (location: Lat 36 10 57” N Long 75 45 05” W) utilizing the work of the Army Corps of Engineers at Duck, North Carolina at the Field Research facility (FRF). Our interest in their work lies on the use of video imagery based techniques (researched, designed, experimented and developed by the Coastal Imaging Lab of Oregon State University) implemented for the capture and understanding of changes of near shore morphology since beaches are continuously changing from geological materials (sands, dead and/or bleached corals…etc) shifted by waves, tides, and currents moving sediments and eroding shorelines; this phenomenon carries very challenging, above all devastating outcomes on coastal communities. We are most interested in the intolerant and dramatic periods of storms and hurricanes (when sediment transport is more energetic [Stockdon and Holman,2000] and shoreline changes are more rapid) associated with extended cloud cover when satellite fails to produce images of events occurring during those times. Due to proprietary rights to this technique developed by CIL, and other limitations, we could at this time acquire neither all the scientific details related to the techniques implemented by the Coastal Imaging Lab (CIL) of Oregon State University nor the logistics behind the installation of the outlet at the FRF tower; nonetheless, our study outcome will help demonstrate the relevance and the ability of the video imagery based techniques to collect images of coastal not only during times of rebuilding but also above all, during dramatic periods of long lasting impact of storms and hurricanes.

5. Introduction Beach Erosion/Shoreline Changes Video Imaging Satellite Remote Sensing Field Research Facility Observation Tower Example of Orbiting Satellite

6. Example of Satellite Imagery vs. Video Imagery Satellite Image from Google Earth Video Image from the FRF tower

7. Why video Images are important Video imaging is based near the investigation area Video images are important during inclement weather because the satellite does not have the ability to permeate the cloud cover.

8. Data Retrieval http://www.frf.usace.army.mil/ http://www.frf.usace.army.mil/

9. Investigation We decided to model the changes of beach erosion from 2002 to 2004 We came upon this decision because Hurricane Isabel came in 2003 We thought that the most substantial change would come in between these years, because hurricanes produce significant changes in beach form

10. Entrance

11. Conference with Dr. McNinch

12. Accessing the Data

13. Latitudinal and Longitudinal Data Data was previously recorded by the FRF Engineers Data on Internet contained a lot of redundant measurements We needed to extract the Latitudinal and Longitudinal coordinates

14. This is what the data looked like on the webpage Latitude Longitude Unneeded Information

15. After deleting approximately 4,000 pieces of information this is what we put into Google Earth to model the changes in beach erosion Latitude Longitude

16. Uploading the Data points The first step was to copy a.kml file program template from Google

17. The second step was to add the data into the.kml program and open the program in Google Earth

18. Duck Beach Pier

19. One of the methods we observed them using to collect data is a sled. This is a flat trapezoidal shaped wave data collector. This type of shape allows it to stay stationary when collecting data, while also versatile when it is time to move it Coastal Research Amphibious Buggy (CRAB) The CRAB puts the sleds into position

20. CRAB

21. Storm Surge of Hurricane Isabel (2003) Hurricane Isabel had a twenty-five foot storm surge on the North Carolina coast; the beach momentarily disappears Animation of a fifteen foot storm surge

22. Future Research Since most of the coastal third world countries do not have the economic prowess to monitor their coastline changes via the use of satellite remote sensing, it is therefore our recommendation, that the use of video imaging remote sensing which is a lot less cheaper than the launching of a space vehicle, be encouraged in order to observe and monitor such critical temporal changes. Being able to obtain the height difference which is the third variable needed to calculate the volume Being able to calculate the intense transport of sand volume resulting in beach erosion and shoreline change

23. Conclusions To conclude, we have observed how coastal video imaging, through the time exposure (Timex) system (600 pictures at a rate of one image per second for 10 minutes), can help collect, analyze and archive images. Although we have not been able to establish the mass of sand movement along the beach, we have however been able to show that there was a movement of sand along the beach particularly during the Hurricane Isabel Showing that the most prominent causes of beach erosion are tidal waves and storm surges.

24. References http://www.frf.usace.army.mil/ http://images.google.com/satellites http://cil-www.oce.orst.edu http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transj nl/index.html

25. Acknowledgements Most of the data was provided by the Field Research Facility, Field Data Collections and Analysis Branch, US Army Corps of Engineers, Duck, North Carolina. Some of the data was provided by the coastal imaging lab of the State University of Oregon Special thanks to Dr. Linda B. Hayden Principle Investigator, who has afforded the opportunity to participate in the URE Summer Program 2008

26. Questions/Comments