1. Ecology Review

2. Part 1-Factors Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors
Physical, or nonliving, factors that shapes an ecosystem
Ex- climate, rocks, soil, viruses
Biological influence on organisms with in an ecosystem
Ex- plants, animal, fungi, bacteria, protista

3. Practice Question 1 How are viruses different from living organisms?
Viruses contain no proteins.
Viruses have no DNA or RNA.
Viruses can be killed by antibiotics.
Viruses use host cell parts to reproduce.
ANSWER: D

4. Part 2-Biome Characteristics

5. Practice Question 2
Imagine that a city located in a desert environment has grown significantly over the last few decades. Which statement best describes how the growth of the metropolitan city would impact the desert environment in the area?
Biodiversity would decrease in the area but increase in the desert beyond the city.
By destroying habitat to build homes and highways, the growth of the city would decrease the biodiversity in the desert.
The growth of the city would have little impact on the environment, because few animals likely lived there before growth happened.
By bringing in water, the growth of the city would improve the entire desert environment and increase the biodiversity.
ANSWER: B

6. Part 3- Feeding Relationship
Autotroph/Producer-organism that captures energy from sunlight or chemicals
Heterotroph/Consumer- organism that relies on other organism for energy
Herbivore- organisms that obtain energy by consuming plants
Carnivore- organisms that obtain energy by consuming animals
Omnivore- Organisms that obtain energy by consuming both plants and animals
Decomposer- Organisms that break down and obtain energy from organic matter

7. Practice Question 3
The Yellowstone area contains organisms representing all trophic levels, including plants, algae, moss, fungi, blue jays, fish, and grizzly bears. Which sequence best represents the transfer of energy through Yellowstone trophic levels?
Fungi to moss to algae to fish
Blue jay to moss to fungi to plant
Algae to fish to grizzly bear to fungi
Plant to blue jay to algae to grizzly bear
ANSWER: C

8. Part 4- Levels of Organization

9. Practice Question 4
The graph shows the English sparrow population in an area over several years. In 1988, a large shopping mall was built in the area where the sparrows lived. According to the information in the graph, how did this affect the sparrow population over a period of time?
The population increased because humans fed the sparrows
The sparrow population was unaffected by the shopping mall.
The population increased because predators were removed.
The sparrow population decreased because of habitat destruction.
ANSWER: D

10. Part 5- Food Chains
Food Chain- is a series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
Arrows represent the flow of energy.

11. Practice Question 5
Kerry drew the following food chain in her science notebook.
plants grasshoppers rats owls
How would the grasshoppers be classified in this food chain?
A Producer
B Primary consumer
C Tertiary consumer
D Secondary consumer
ANSWER: B

12. Part 6- Food Webs
Food web- network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

13. Practice Question 6
The food web above represents the interactions between organisms in a salt marsh ecosystem and organisms in an old field ecosystem. Which of the following is the correct flow of energy?
The crab gets energy from eating plants.
The heron gets energy from eating plants.
The crab gets energy from eating the heron.
The heron gets energy from eating the crab.
ANSWER: D

14. Part 7- Ecological Pyrimids
Numbers
Energy
Biomass

15. Practice Question 7
The diagram above is an energy pyramid. In what level is there the least energy available?
The level that contains rats
The level that contains grasses
The level that contains the owl
The level that contains grasshoppers
ANSWER: C

16. Part 8- Community Interactions
Mutualism- both organisms benefit from a relationship
Commensalism-One organism benefits from a relationship while the other is not effected
Parasitism-one organism lives in/on another (host) and harms it
Predation- one organism captures and feeds on another

17. Practice Question 8
A species of bacteria lives in human intestines. The bacteria get food from the person in whom they live, and the person gets vitamins that the bacteria produce. What kind of relationship do these bacteria and humans have?
A Commensalism
B Mutualism
C Parasitism
D Predation
ANSWER: B

18. Part 9- Ecology Terms Sun- Main source of energy of ecosystem
Niche- physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and how they live
Predator/Prey- mechanism of population control in which a population is regulated by a predator
Primary Succession- occurs on surfaces where no soil exists
Secondary Succession-following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil
Adaptation- inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival
Habitat-the area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it

19. Practice Question 9
After fires destroyed 793,000 acres of aspen and pine forest in Yellowstone National Park in the unusually dry summer of 1988, biologists were able to study the long-term effects of fire on an ecosystem. The biologists found that the soil after the fire was more fertile and soon gave rise to small plants and new pine trees. What ecological process were the biologists observing?
Biodiversity
Equilibrium
Food web energy flow
Succession
ANSWER: D

20. Part 10- Cycles Nitrogen Water Carbon
The Carbon Cycle is a complex series of processes through which all of the carbon atoms in existence rotate. Two main phase are respiration and Photosynthesis. Carbon is found as CO2 in the air.
Nitrogen fixation-converting nitrogen gas into ammonia by bacteria
Denitrification- converting nitrates into nitrogen gas
The cycle of water between ocean, atmosphere, and land.

21. Practice Question 10
Which of the following correctly describes the flow of carbon in the carbon cycle?
A Air animals plants
B Plants animals air
C Air fossil fuels animals
D Fossil fuels plants animals
ANSWER: B