1. Kenneth Lim Kenneth.lim@nus.edu.sg 29, 30 & 31 Jul 2014 Tools for your Biological Sciences Research (Life Sciences Year II Students)

2. Outline Using the Library Overview of Search Strategies Information Sources & Evaluation Citations & Plagiarism Bibliographic Software & Introduction to EndNote Guides, Tools and Tips 2

3. NUS Libraries Portal (http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg)http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg 3

4. Loan Entitlement for Undergraduates 20items 14days 3 renewals 4 http://www.battenkillbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/stack_of_books21.jpg How do I Borrow a Book? FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=79581

5. Literature Search Cycle 5 Breakdown the Research topic into concepts Identify key Information Sources Develop a Search Strategy Locate Additional Information Sources Manage Citations http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=165681&sid=1733290

6. Types of Database Searches Keyword / Phrase Search e.g. Using “horseshoe crab” in Web of Science /Google Field Search e.g. Using Raffles Bulletin of Zoology in the Publication Name field in Zoological Record Subject Heading / Thesaurus Search e.g. Using neoplasms (instead of cancer) as a MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term in PubMed 6

7. Boolean Connectors OR - either of the terms may be present. Used for broadening a search e.g. roundworms OR nematodes AND - both terms must be present. Used for narrowing a search. e.g. parasites AND intestine NOT - eliminate an unwanted concept or word e.g. parasites NOT flatworms ( ) – grouping words or phrases and specifying the order in which Boolean operations occur when multiple operations are present e.g. (A OR B) AND C A OR (B AND C) 7

8. Exact vs. Wildcard Search “ ’’- searches the exact phrase enclosed within the quotes e.g. “avian influenza” * - represent any group of characters or no characters (useful for representing various forms of a term) e.g. biol* - for biology, biological, biologist, biologists ? - represent any single character (useful for singular/plural forms) e.g. cat? - for cat, cats $ - represent one character or no characters e.g. behavio$r, colo$r, vapo$r (useful for finding both British & American spellings) Note: Wildcards and usage are dependent on the database 8

9. Types of Information Sources Information SourcesExamples Primary Sources Presents the original research information and empirical data. Experimental results Theses & Dissertations Conference Proceedings Journal articles Secondary Sources Review or restate information in Primary Sources or other Secondary Sources. Review articles Bibliographies Databases Tertiary Sources Provides overviews of topics by synthesizing information gathered from other sources. Dictionaries Encyclopedias Textbooks 9 Current Dated

10. Recommended Online Resources 10 Type of InformationRecommended E-Resource Multi-disciplinary Bibliographic Databases Web of Science Web of Science / ScopusScopus Biomedical & Life Sciences BIOSIS Previews Animal Biology & Taxonomic Reference Zoological Record Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Healthcare & Life Sciences PubMed (MEDLINE) Experimental Protocols and Demonstration Videos Springer Protocols Wiley Current Protocols JoVE JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) Chemical Substance Structure / Properties & Reaction Searching Reaxys Reaxys / SciFinder (registration)SciFinder (registration) Newspaper Articles / Local Content FactivaFactiva / Lexis-Nexis / NewspaperSGLexis-NexisNewspaperSG 10

11. Guidelines for Evaluation of Resources CriteriaQuestions Authority Author’s Credentials, Subject Expert? Accuracy Information is Valid and Reliable Objectivity & Purpose Any Bias? Review process Publication Peer-Reviewed? Suitability Academic /Scholarly Journal (Journal Impact Factor, Immediacy Index) Timeliness When was the Information published? 11

12. Production of Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) 12 Source: http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/06/st_processcrab/?pid=5836&viewall=true

13. Alternative: recombinant Factor-C (r-FC) 13 http://media.drugdevcompare.com/m/7/Product/57499-1-400x300.jpg http://media.drugdevcompare.com/m/7/Product/57499-2-400x300.jpg

14. Research Topics 14 Topic 1: Population studies of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Topic 2: Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC) as tests for airborne endotoxins Image Source: http://animals.m-y-d-s.com/aquatic/horseshoe_crab /

15. Construction of Search Statement Step 1: Identify concepts/keywords Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC) as tests for airborne endotoxins Step 2: Generate synonyms, alternate terms, abbreviations airborne: air, aerial, dust, aerosol endotoxin: pyrogen, lippopolysaccharide, LPS Step 3: Construct search statement (initial search) (endotoxin* AND (air* OR dust*)) AND ("limulus amebocyte lysate" OR "recombinant factor c" ) 15

16. Plagiarism What is Plagiarism? A piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and presented as being your own work. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th Ed.) The act of taking someone’s words or ideas as if they were your own. Avoiding Plagiarism CIT Preventing Plagiarism site http://www.cit.nus.edu.sg/plagiarism-prevention/ http://www.cit.nus.edu.sg/plagiarism-prevention/ Proper citation of information sources turnitin software Plagiarism Spectrum http://turnitin.com/assets/en_us/media/plagiarism_spectrum.php http://turnitin.com/assets/en_us/media/plagiarism_spectrum.php 16

17. Citations & Bibliography Two places to cite the references you have used: within a sentence (in-text citation) at the end of the document (bibliography/references) 17

18. Why cite? To acknowledge the contributor(s) of ideas used in writings To lend support to arguments by referring to authoritative sources To help readers verify your claims To show research done 18

19. Introduction to Bibliographic Software & EndNote A software that: stores and organises references from many sources inserts these references into a Word document, and automatically formats your references according to a predefined citation style 19 Comparison of Reference Management Software

20. EndNote Online Guide http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote

21. EndNote Workflow 21 1. Create an EndNote Library2. Add references to the EndNote Library3. Manage references: using groups & finding duplicates4. Insert references in MS Word (Cite While You Write)5. Change citation style and edit preferences

22. Step 1: Create an EndNote Library a.All programs > EndNote > EndNote Program b.File > New c.Filename: Test (*.enl) d.Save 22 Hands-on

23. Step 2: Add References to the Library 23 Direct Export Direct Export Import Text File Manual Inputting EndNote Library Cite While You Write MS Word Import PDF Online Search

24. Method 1: Direct Export Export references directly from database a.At the database, select the records you want b.Save, output, export or send to EndNote (Look for “RIS format”) c.Click Open to transfer records to your EndNote library 24

25. Method 2: Import.txt File Used when references cannot be exported to EndNote. Very few databases e.g. Factiva a.At the database, select the records you want b.Export text (.txt) file and save on desktop c.In EndNote, go to File > Import d.Browse and select the.txt file e.Select Import option > Other filters 25 Which filter to use? http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=96551&sid=3508846

26. Method 3: Online Search Search free databases (e.g. PubMed) and library catalogues (e.g. LINC, Library of Congress) a.Go to Online Search Mode > More b.Select a free database or catalogue, e.g. NATL U of Singapore c.In the online search pane, search by exact title of book or conference proceeding d.Copy the reference to Local Library Mode 26 NATL

27. Method 4: Import PDF Files Extracts references from PDF files PDF must contain a Digital Object Identifer (DOI) and is not a scanned document. a.In EndNote, go to File > Import b.Choose either file or folder, and change Import Option > PDF Note: If the author, title, journal, etc, fields are not auto-populated, the PDF could be of the wrong format or have an incorrect DOI New in X7 - PDF auto-import folder Whats new in EndNote X7 (Video) Whats new in EndNote X7 (Video) 27

28. Method 5: Manual Inputting 28 Video: http://youtu.be/30u5_b9d5D4http://youtu.be/30u5_b9d5D4

29. Step 3: Duplicate References To set criteria: Edit > Preferences > Duplicates To find duplicates: References > Find Duplicates 29

30. Managing References: Custom vs. Smart Groups Custom Groups Create folders to group (categorise) references Smart Groups Automatically group references based on your search criteria, e.g.: author/year/title contains/is/word begins with… Note: Any references added to EndNote will be automatically filed in the group, with immediate effect 30

31. Step 4: Cite While You Write (CWYW) 31 Use MS Word to insert citations into your paper Create a paper with properly formatted references, bibliography, figures & tables Tip: Do NOT edit the citations and bibliographies in Word. Edit the reference in the EndNote Library only Tip: To locate citation and bibliography fields, change the MS Word’s Field Shading option

32. EndNote Tab & Field Shading If EndNote is properly installed, you will see the EndNote tab in Word After you add references, Field shading shows up as text highlighted in grey. 32

33. Inserting Citations 33 Method 1: Find Citation a.EndNote X7 tab: Insert citation > Find Citation b.Search for a word in any field (e.g. title, author) c.Select the references that you want to insert into your paper Method 2: Insert Selected Citation(s) a.In EndNote library, select a citation b.Go to Word and place cursor at insertion point c.Click on Insert Citation > Insert Selected Citation(s)

34. Editing Citations & References Edit & Manage Citation(s) E.g. add page numbers, exclude author, exclude year Edit Library Reference(s) Place cursor in the citation, click on Edit library references and make the necessary changes. Next, click on Update citations and bibliography 34

35. Step 5: Change Style & Create a Bib Section To change the citation style EndNote X7 tab: Click on Style > Select Another Style… To create bibliography section* a.Bottom right corner of Bibliography group > Layout > Bibliography title b.Type References (or Bibliography) *The bibliography section appears only when you insert a citation *New in X7 - Create sections within Bibliography 35

36. Backing Up Library (1) Method 1: Save a Copy Creates an exact copy of the library  xxx Copy.Data and xxx Copy.enl File > Save a Copy… 36

37. Online Database Guides & Resources Biological & Life Sciences Subject Guide http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/biology http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/biology PubMed Resources http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmedtutorial/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmedtutorial/ Web of Science (includes BIOSIS Previews & Zoological Record) http://wokinfo.com/training_support/training/http://wokinfo.com/training_support/training/ Scopus Resources http://help.scopus.com/Content/h_tutorials.htm http://help.scopus.com/Content/h_tutorials.htm 37

38. Library Proxy Stem/Bookmarklet NUS Libraries Proxy Stem http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url= http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url e.g. Prefix a URL with the NUS Libraries Proxy Stem http://www.springerlink.com/content/e440n0431724460v/ http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://www.springerlink.c om/content/e440n0431724460v/ Installing the NUS Libraries Proxy Bookmarklet: FAQ: http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=199108&sid=1665223 FAQ: http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=199108&sid=1665223 38

39. Accessing Full-Text via Google Scholar Setting up NUS Libraries access in Google Scholar : FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=260648 FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=260648 Alternate direct link: http://scholar.google.com/schhp?hl=en&inst=13660462560571941651 http://scholar.google.com/schhp?hl=en&inst=13660462560571941651 39

40. Accessing Full-Text via PubMed Setting up NUS Libraries access in PubMed: FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=260692#.US2nFFeQg8k Direct link: http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed? myncbishare=nuslib&holding=isgnuslib_fft http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed? myncbishare=nuslib&holding=isgnuslib_fft 40

41. Thank You! Please fill in the feedback form at: http://bit.ly/bsf31Jul14 Contact me at: Kenneth Lim kenneth.lim@nus.edu.sgkenneth.lim@nus.edu.sg Science Library sclib@nus.edu.sgsclib@nus.edu.sg 41

42. Games & Lucky Draws 28 Aug 2014 10am - 5pm Book Sale Proceeds go to NUS Annual Giving Bursary 28 - 29 Aug 2014 NUS Libraries http://j.mp/erdd2014 Knowledge Without Boundaries!