1. Andrew Monk Centre for Usable Home Technology, University of York Isolation and social exclusion: how can technology help? a.monk@psych.york.ac.uk

2. Data from a telephone survey of 200 community alarm users, "where is your community alarm pendant at this moment?" By my bed31% In a drawer22% Round my neck21% Round a door handle/peg9% Not sure6% Somewhere else11% CUHTec's "mission": to ensure that future home technologies meet real social and personal needs -centred approach to the design of technology? user client patient A

3. Mobility Remote control Prompting Reassurance / Safety / Response Security Automated remote diagnosis Remote treatment Shopping and information Human contact CUHTEC Advanced Telecare Users Group Telecare Model Services to the client that technology can provide Existing sustainable services (demonstrable need)

4. "Stand alone", Assistance with activities of daily living Mobility Hoists Stair lift Internal Door openers Electronically controlled wheel chair Remote control Entry system Temperature TV Lights Prompting Bath water Lost objects Food preparation

5. Personal radio triggers Call centre CO detector Fall detector Bed occupancy sensor Reassurance / Safety / Response Pull cord, Pendant, Wrist button Extreme temperature, Smoke, Methane, CO, Flood Fall, Inactivity Security Intruder, Bogus caller, Door open, Entry systems Bogus caller button

6. Automated remote diagnosis Virtual visit Respiration (spirometry) monitor Blood pressure monitor Fall risk assessment Deterioration detector Remote treatment Medication delivery and reminder systems Dialysis Activity monitoring for diagnostic purposes

7. Mobility Remote control Prompting Reassurance / Safety / Response Security Automated remote diagnosis Remote treatment Shopping and information Human contact Fun CUHTEC Advanced Telecare Users Group Telecare Model Services to the client that technology can provide Existing sustainable services (demonstrable need) These are technologies to support the fairly basic requirements of: health, sustenance, comfort and security. What else can we do?

8. Being able to be physically and mentally active in my own way and in my own home for as long as I can 66 Access to local health and care services62 The role, that is the strength and value of the family in society60 Your own physical health such as illness, disease and mobility56 Availability and price of fuel and power such as gas and electricity54 Crime and security in your area54 Access to good public transport50 Changes in climate and environment50 Quality and price of food49 Harmony and trust in your area between people of different ages and backgrounds 43 Being able to drive39 Your longer term financial security39 Your own mental health38 Being lonely through ageing and bereavement37 How concerned are you about? (~1000 people 50+) Weighted means from, "The ageing world: issues for older people - 2005-2025" CODEWORKS ATL in association with Age Concern Research Services

9. Being able to be physically and mentally active in my own way and in my own home for as long as I can 66 Access to local health and care services62 The role, that is the strength and value of the family in society60 Your own physical health such as illness, disease and mobility56 Availability and price of fuel and power such as gas and electricity54 Crime and security in your area54 Access to good public transport50 Changes in climate and environment50 Quality and price of food49 Harmony and trust in your area between people of different ages and backgrounds 43 Being able to drive39 Your longer term financial security39 Your own mental health38 Being lonely through ageing and bereavement37 How concerned are you about? (~1000 people 50+) Weighted means from, "The ageing world: issues for older people - 2005-2025" CODEWORKS ATL in association with Age Concern Research Services

10. Will isolation and social exclusion be more or less of a problem when you are 80+? What are the alternatives to professional paid care? relatives volunteers due to demographic changes } reduced domiciliary care increased reliance on technology increased social mobility

11. Age Concern York administer the service A volunteer takes shopping orders over the phone, negotiates the site, places the order and has a chat too. The client sends a cheque or cash to the Age Concern who reimburse the volunteer. Net Neighbours Shopping and information

12. Telephone conferencing as a recreational activity Hackney Borough Council, RNIB Human contact Fun

13. Human contact Fun

14. A TV with a phone number Human contact Fun

15. Interpersonal awareness - the virtual frosted window Human contact Fun Reciprocal communication: I know what you know about me because it is what I know about you.

16. Human contact Fun Second Life, WoW (Massively Multiplayer Online Games) Two button phone

17. By my bed31% In a drawer22% Round my neck21% Round a door handle/peg9% Not sure6% Somewhere else11% Data from a telephone survey of 200 community alarm users, "where is your community alarm pendant at this moment?" WHY? User experience - Identity What does it reflect about me? (to me and to others)

18. "Novel telecare" Digital jewellery project Jayne Wallace, Patrick Olivier, Peter Wright, Andrew Monk How do we make the remote monitoring of someone else's activity : social attractive enchanting Reciprocal view Real communication function Intel Mote ("Smart dust") 3x3 cm (batteries and antenna not shown) Mote Architecture Self organising network of computers with wireless connectivity

19. Box with clay in it: Please make impressions in the clay from objects that are dear to you both (either as individuals or jointly). Please make as many or as few impressions as you wish. When we meet I will ask you to tell me the stories behind these objects and why you feel they are significant to you. Probes

20. Please use one sheet to tell me about your own aesthetic taste and style. Use any... Then use the reverse to tell me about how you perceive your mother's/daughter's aesthetic taste and style. Mother about self Mother about daughter

21. Please use the camera to take photographs in response to the set of prompts I've given you - respond to as many of the prompts as you feel happy to. Mother: Personally Precious Daughter: Reminder of someone dear

22. Sketch 1 Possible input mechanism - "books are very important to Mother and something I related to her life of travel and love of travel books now - the idea relates to the idea of books as a way of travelling - a way of connecting to another place (and time)" JW.

23. Sketch 2 Possible output mechanism - "another part of the jewellery fluttering or trembling. This images comes from Mother's childhood memories of hydrangea bushes in India" JW. Output could signal input and provide a distinguishable automated response to input if the jewellery at the other end was out of sensor range or had been in the same room for some time.

24. Conclusions 1.Technology is providing valuable services to clients/patients/users. 2.But, the client/patient/user has different values and concerns to the professional carer (we could be more client centred). 3.Isolation and social exclusion are important. 4.The innovative use of new communication technologies could help. a.monk@psych.york.ac.uk