1. Mahayaha Buddhism #5 Heian Buddhism （平安仏教） 1 Saicho 最澄 Masayo Urasaki 19 July 2012

2. Today ’ s schedule 1) Brief History of Saicho （最澄） 2) Mother of the Japanese Buddhism Mount Hiei( 比叡山） 3) VDO clip from Website “Marathon Monk”

3. Keywords ・ Saicho （最澄）＝ Denkyo Daishi （伝教大 師） ・ Tendai-shu （天台宗） ・ Mount Hiei （比叡山） /Mount Hiei Enryaku- ji （比叡山延暦寺） ・ Lotus Sutra （法華経） One Viecle （一 乗） ・ Buddha Nature （仏性） ・ Mahayana-Ordination （大乗戒） ・ Sennichi kaiho gyou （千日回峰行）

4. From State Buddhism (Nara) to Institutional Buddhism (Heian)  After Gan-jin came to Japan, Japanese monk receive ordination only three temples (one of them, Todai-ji)  Under the Protection of the State, some monks engaged in Politics. Perceptions were not keeping well so by monks. → Emergence of the New Buddhist Era Heian era ’ s Key person “ Saicho ” and “ Kukai ”

5. Saicho （最澄） One of the Heian Buddhism ’ s super-star  Born at Oumi-province (767-822)  Father was from a Chinese immigrant family  7 yrs old go to studied at Temple, become novice 13 yrs old  18 yrs old, full ordination at Todai-ji （東大寺） in Nara  Lived in a Small hermitage on Mount Hiei 785-797  Study in China and Establishment of Tendai sect

6. Integrated Buddhist Centre of Japan Mount Hiei  Mount Hiei enryaku- temple （比叡山延暦 寺） located at northeast of Kyoto Integrated …..  円 (perfect teaching)  戒 (Mahayana -Vinaya) 、  禅 (Zen ’ s practice)  密 (esoteric Buddhism)

7. What ’ s Saicho ’ s teaching?  Every human being has on the Buddha-nature  All practices lead to Nirvana, the most important thins is to having mind of searching truth.  Be aware of you are already Buddha/Bodhisattva.  Become yourself as brighten men.

8. Study in China （ Official Diplomatic membership 遣唐使）  Since Prince Shotoku, some elected Japanese members go to China officially to study Chinese culture, political system, religions.  Saicho go to China from 804-805. His main purpose is being formal training Tien-dai doctrine.  Gathering the Sutra and bring back to Japan  The trend of that era is Esoteric Buddhism, so he eager to get knowledge.

9. Lotus Sutra （法華経） One Vehicle （一乗）  Saicho ’ s dispute with Tokuitsu (Hosso-shu ’ s monk) Whether all sentient being possess the Buddha- nature? Lotus Sutra ’ s main point “ One Vehicle ” ☆ Three Vehicle 1)suravaka (hearer) 2)pratyekabuddha (solidaly buddha) 3)bodhisattva (buddha to be) This category is only skillful means for salvation. Tokuitsu Saicho No Yes VS

10. Buddha Nature ( 仏性） Everyone has possibility of becoming Buddha  Buddha Nature (Buddha- dhatu, Tathagatagarbha) “Absolutely Positive” attitude toward all Beings  Desires(klesa) don’t separate Buddhahood （煩悩即菩提）  On the Attainment of Buddhahood by trees, plants and earth （草木国土悉皆成仏）

11. Mahayana Ordination/Vinaya （大乗 戒）  From 818, Saicho start movement to independent “ Mahayana Ordination/Vinaya ” of Tendai-sect originally.  Even if monks trained at Tendai sect, monk should be take ordination at other temple.  it means monk should control by the State  Mahayana Ordination - 10 heavy precepts and 48 light precepts.

12. Sennnichi Kaiho Gyou （千日回峰 行）  This practice is so strictly for Tendai ’ s monks  Pilgrimage of Mount Hiei, 1000 days (7 years)  Walking at Mount about 30-60km per day  Finish 700 day, the most strictly practice “ Do-iri （堂 入り） ” No food, No drink, No Sleep, No Lying (recite Mantra 100,000 times) →almost dying After finish all courses, he could be called “ DAI- AJARI （大阿闍梨）