1. Social Studies 8 Chapter 4:The Exchange of Ideas

2. Political and Religious Leadership Our primary Inquiry Question is: How did the Renaissance spark the growth and exchange of ideas across Europe? Our primary Inquiry Question is: How did the Renaissance spark the growth and exchange of ideas across Europe?

4. Political and Religious Leadership What role to leaders play in changing or maintaining worldview? –Religious –Political –Cultural What role to leaders play in changing or maintaining worldview? –Religious –Political –Cultural

6. Political and Religious Leadership What is the best way to rule? Should there be a strong leader to bring stability and security at the expense of freedom? Or should there be an open system that allows people to be free? What is the best way to rule? Should there be a strong leader to bring stability and security at the expense of freedom? Or should there be an open system that allows people to be free?

8. Political and Religious Leadership Born into Leadership –Read the story of Isabella D’Este on page 88. –What are the advantages to having a system of hereditary rule? –What are the disadvantages? Born into Leadership –Read the story of Isabella D’Este on page 88. –What are the advantages to having a system of hereditary rule? –What are the disadvantages?

9. Political and Religious Leadership The Scientific Ruler –Turn to page 89 –Read the first two paragraphs –Why would Machiavelli begin to question hereditary rule at this time? –Exploring Sources The Scientific Ruler –Turn to page 89 –Read the first two paragraphs –Why would Machiavelli begin to question hereditary rule at this time? –Exploring Sources

10. Political and Religious Leadership Changing Leadership in the Church –Have you ever been disappointed by the words and actions of a person you believed in? –People in the Renaissance were often disappointed with their leaders. Changing Leadership in the Church –Have you ever been disappointed by the words and actions of a person you believed in? –People in the Renaissance were often disappointed with their leaders.

11. Political and Religious Leadership –During the Middle Ages and Renaissance the Catholic Church was the most powerful institution in Europe. –The Church did not only exercise power in religious aspects of society but in social, political, and economic aspects as well. –During the Middle Ages and Renaissance the Catholic Church was the most powerful institution in Europe. –The Church did not only exercise power in religious aspects of society but in social, political, and economic aspects as well.

12. Political and Religious Leadership –Some church leaders abused their power and used it for their own personal gain. –Can you think of an example where this has happened today? –How do you think society would react to this kind of corruption? –Some church leaders abused their power and used it for their own personal gain. –Can you think of an example where this has happened today? –How do you think society would react to this kind of corruption?

13. Political and Religious Leadership Girolamo Savonarola –A monk who dedicated his life to fighting corruption –Contrary to his oath he spoke against the Pope. –“Bonfire of the Vanities” Girolamo Savonarola –A monk who dedicated his life to fighting corruption –Contrary to his oath he spoke against the Pope. –“Bonfire of the Vanities”

15. Political and Religious Leadership –For his actions he was Excommunicated –In 1498 he was tried for heresy and executed. –Turn to page 93 and read the “Exploring Sources” section. –For his actions he was Excommunicated –In 1498 he was tried for heresy and executed. –Turn to page 93 and read the “Exploring Sources” section.

16. Political and Religious Leadership Martin Luther –A German monk who began to study the Bible for himself very carefully (Humanism?) –Concluded that the Bible (not the Church) should be a Christians spiritual guide. Martin Luther –A German monk who began to study the Bible for himself very carefully (Humanism?) –Concluded that the Bible (not the Church) should be a Christians spiritual guide.

17. Political and Religious Leadership –How does the methods and views of Luther reflect the idea of individualism? –Luther was also upset with the wealth of the church. Indulgences Ninety-five Theses –How does the methods and views of Luther reflect the idea of individualism? –Luther was also upset with the wealth of the church. Indulgences Ninety-five Theses

18. Political and Religious Leadership The Protestant Reformation –“Protestant” literally means “to protest” –Luther was excommunicated and many of his fellow Germans followed him. Lutheran Church The Protestant Reformation –“Protestant” literally means “to protest” –Luther was excommunicated and many of his fellow Germans followed him. Lutheran Church

19. Political and Religious Leadership –Other churches formed but they all protested against the refusal of the Catholic Church to ‘reform’ –Hence the term ‘reformation’ –Turn to page 95 and read ‘Exploring Sources’ –Other churches formed but they all protested against the refusal of the Catholic Church to ‘reform’ –Hence the term ‘reformation’ –Turn to page 95 and read ‘Exploring Sources’

20. Political and Religious Leadership The Catholic Counter-Reformation –The Catholic Church lost a great deal of power and authority because of the protestants. –Pope Paul III convened the Council of Trent where moves were made to end corruption in the church. The Catholic Counter-Reformation –The Catholic Church lost a great deal of power and authority because of the protestants. –Pope Paul III convened the Council of Trent where moves were made to end corruption in the church.

21. Political and Religious Leadership How does the Reformation and Counter-reformation reflect the changes that are taking place in Renaissance society? How have these changes impacted our society today? How does the Reformation and Counter-reformation reflect the changes that are taking place in Renaissance society? How have these changes impacted our society today?

22. Political and Religious Leadership Turn to page 96 and look at the “Fast Forward” section.