1. Jainism

2. Jainism Tirthankara Based on teachings of Mahavira Roots in Hinduism
4.2 million followers

3. Pandav Leni Caves 24 - 2000 yr. old caves

4. New Delhi, India

6. Mahavira 599 B.C. – 527 B.C. Prince in Bihar, India Raised a Hindu
Believed Hinduism put too much emphasis on rituals
30 years old – left home became a monk
12 years – meditation and fasting
Finally believed he achieved perfect perception, knowledge, power, and bliss (keval-jnana)

7. Mahavira Spent 30 yrs. - travelling on bare feet around India.
He organized his followers, into a four fold order, namely monk (Sadhu), nun (Sadhvi), layman (Shravak), and laywoman (Shravika). Later on they are known as Jains.
Goal: attain freedom from the cycle of birth, life, pain, misery, and death

8. 5 Basic Principles
Nonviolence (Ahimsa) - not to cause harm to any living beings
Truthfulness (Satya) - to speak the harmless truth only
Non-stealing (Asteya) - not to take anything not properly given
Chastity (Brahmacharya) - not to indulge in sensual pleasure
Non-possession/Non-attachment (Aparigraha) - complete detachment from people, places, and material things

9. Beliefs Believe everything is alive and part of cycle of rebirth
Believed in karma & reincarnation

10. Holidays - 2013 April 11: Akshaya Tritiya April 23: Mahavir Jayanti
September 9: Dashalakshani Parva
September 9: Anata Chaturdasi / Anant Chaturdashi
September 10: Paryushan / Paryushana Parva
September 18: Samvatsari
September 18: Ksamavani
November 3: Lokashah Jayanti
November 3: Diwali / Deepavali
November 5: Bhai Beej
November 8: Jnan Panchami

11. Sikhism

12. Sikhism Founded centuries after Jainism
Roots in teachings of Guru Nanak
Guru – Sanskrit – teacher

13. Guru Nanak
A.D. 1400s
Raised Hindu but grew dissatisfied with teachings
Began traveling – came into contact with other cultures/religions (including Islam)
Teachings – blended beliefs of other religions
Over time – expanded by 9 other gurus

14. Guru Nanak

15. Sikhism
Monotheistic
God has no physical form but can be sensed in nature
Goal - Be united with God after death

16. Achieve Goal Meditate to find spiritual enlightenment
Takes more than one lifetime
Reincarnation

17. Beliefs Live truthfully
Treat all equal – regardless of gender or social class
Pray several times per day
Wear 5 items at all times: long hair, small comb, steel bracelet, sword, special under garment
turbans