1. Lesson 2: A Land of Canyons

2. The Grand Canyon

3. Where in North America? The Grand Canyon lies in the State of Arizona on the Western side of the United States, as figure 2 shows. Figure 2

4. 1890 Erosion The first five pictures of this presentation are of the same rock, just in different time periods. Pay attention to the dates on the side of the pictures and see what the water did to this rock.

5. Erosion Still the same rock. 1910

6. Erosion Still the same rock. 1920

7. Erosion Still the same rock. 1970

8. Erosion Still the same rock, but where did it go? 1990

9. Here is another picture of what erosion caused.

10. The ground has been washed away by water. That is erosion.

11. Why are the roots of this tree so visible? What made this happen?

12. Erosion can be caused by water.

13. Erosion can be caused by wind and rain.

14. Plants can help prevent erosion! Look at the roots on these grasses. Roots help hold the soil in place so that it doesn’t wash away. Plant roots

15. How was it formed? That’s so cool!!! The Grand Canyon was formed by erosion. Over millions of years, the Grand Canyon was formed. With the help of rain and a few other sources, the Colorado River eroded the land to form the Grand Canyon. MUCH more info.

16. Reason 1: Awesome Landscape! The Grand Canyon is one of the best examples of erosion anywhere in the World. It is 277 miles long, 18 miles wide and 1 mile deep!

17. Reason 2: Rampaging River! The Colorado river, all 277 miles of it, winds its way through the Grand Canyon. It continues to erode the steep sides as it moves. It is great for activities like white water rafting.

18. Reason 3: All those rocks! All three rock types can be found here, igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. They were formed as a result of glaciation, tectonic action and river process.

19. Geographic Features  The Canyon is 4,000 feet deep and 277 miles long  The Colorado River runs threw the Grand Canyon. Colorado riverGrand Canyon

20. Geographic Features  The Canyon is 4,000 feet deep and 277 miles long  The Colorado River runs threw the Grand Canyon. Colorado riverGrand Canyon

21. Early Cultures of North America Early Native Americans encountered varied environments, including forests, deserts, and fertile land. In each region, different kinds of societies developed. For example: The Hohokam people farmed with irrigation systems in the Southwest. The Anasazi, ancestors of today’s Pueblo Indians, built adobe dwellings called pueblos in the Southwest.

22. Havasupai Havasupai means people of the blue- green waters. The spectacular waterfalls and isolated community within the Havasupai Indian Reservation attract thousands of visitors each year. The Havasupai are intimately connected to the water and the land. This blue- green water is sacred to the Havasupai. It flows not only across the land, but also through each tribal member. When you enter their land, you enter their home, their place of origin.

23. Anasazi Indians "Ancient Ones"

24. Adobe Bricks The Anasazi made their homes out of Adobe bricks. Adobe is a mixture of mud, grasses, clay and water. They would use these materials because wood was not available.

25. Mesa The Anasazi lived near mesas. They planted crops on the tops of the mesa. A mesa is a landform that is made of rock. Mesas look like a table. Mesas have a flat top.

26. Basket Makers The Anasazi were good basket makers. The baskets looked like little round bowls that were weaved. They were used for carrying water, storing grain and even cooking. They were made to hold water by lining them with pitch. They were used for cooking by dropping heated stones in the water. The finest Anasazi baskets were used before they learned how to make pottery.

27. Pottery The Anasazi made pots, bowls, canteens, and mugs. They used them for cooking and storage. Some pottery was used for ceremonial purposes. Most pottery was made by women. Designs were passed down from mothers to daughters.

28. Housing The Anasazi houses were very tall. Many family members lived in the same house. The houses were carved out of rocks. Houses were made under a cliff.

29. Pueblo Since ancient times, pueblo Indians built large, multi-family houses, which the Spanish called pueblos (pueblo means villages in Spanish).

31. Francisco de Coronado ?1510-1554 Spanish soldier and explorer First European to explore America’s Southwest Searched for the legendary “Seven Cities of Cibolia” (gold)

32. Garcia Lopez de Cardenas Best known for being first European to see the Grand Canyon Traveled with Coronado—Cibola 1540: First European to set eyes on GC: Capt García López de Cárdenas. Sent by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado to find the fabled Seven Cities of Gold, Cíbola. Page 47

33. John Wesley Powell Chief of the U.S. Geological Survey

34. Expedition to the Grand Canyon  In May 1869, accompanied by nine men, the scientific explorer John Wesley Powell left on the first expedition by boat through the Grand Canyon to collect scientific data.  Powell named it the “Grand Canyon”

35. In 1903,Theodore Roosevelt visited the Grand Canyon. He wanted to preserve its beauty for generations to come. In1919 part of the Grand Canyon became a National Park. In 1903,Theodore Roosevelt visited the Grand Canyon. He wanted to preserve its beauty for generations to come. In1919 part of the Grand Canyon became a National Park. 35

36. When did it become a national park? (and why) The Grand Canyon became a national park in 1919. The park boundaries were set in 1975. The Grand Canyon was named a World Heritage Site in 1979 in recognition of the world wide value of its exceptional natural resources. The Grand Canyon became a national park because of the thick amount of many kinds of ancient rocks that are preserved and exposed in the most beautiful way inside the walls of the Grand Canyon.