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Published byEvelyn Alexander Modified over 9 years ago
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The Roman Conquest of Greece
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Rome: From Republic to Empire
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Geography Italian Peninsula (Italy today) Location of Rome
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The Alps and Mediterranean Sea protected Rome from invasion
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Rome prospered due to trade on the Mediterranean Sea
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Roman Gods Jupiter (Zeus): Chief god Juno (Hera): Goddess of marriage; wife of Zeus Apollo: God of light, the sun and music Diana (Artemis): Goddess of hunting and wild things Venus (Aphrodite): Goddess of love Minerva (Athena): Goddess of wisdom and war Based on Greek Gods
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Roman Religion
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Roman Republic Republic: rule by the people (re=by, public=people) Representative democracy: legislators (representatives) are elected by the citizens to represent their interests
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Roman Citizens Paid taxes Men had the right to vote Men had to serve in the military
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Patricians: Land-owners of noble Latin birth “ Patricia is a rich snob”
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Plebeians: Majority of Romans- common people Artisans, shopkeepers, and small farmers
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Slaves The property of their owners Were taken by conquest Had no freedom or rights
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The Assemblies Patricians and plebeians met in the assemblies to vote for tribunes, magistrates (judges), and consuls. The assemblies were more democratic but less powerful than the senate.
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The Senate The most powerful lawmaking body in Rome. 300 members were chosen (for life) from the Patrician class Later plebeians were allowed to join
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Tribunes Were elected by the plebeians to protect the rights of ordinary people.
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Consuls Two officials elected to command the army and direct the government Served for a one-year term. One consul could always veto (overrule) the other’s decisions.
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Dictator In a times of crisis, a dictator would be given absolute power to command the army and make laws A dictator’s power lasted for only six months One whose word was law
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Twelve Tables The laws of Rome. Established ideas seen in modern laws such as the principle of innocent until proven guilty. Laws carved on tablets and hung in the forum
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Punic Wars 3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage 264 to 146 BC
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Carthage was a Trading empire located in North Africa (present-day Tunisia) that competed with Rome for control of trade on the Mediterranean Sea
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Hannibal was the general of Carthage
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Second Punic War His army crossed the Alps and invaded the Italian Peninsula
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Hannibal was defeated when Rome attacked Carthage Rome destroyed Carthage Increased trade brought great wealth to Rome
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Growth of Rome Following the Punic wars, Rome grew rapidly, taking control of the Mediterranean basin (including Greece and the Hellenistic world of the Eastern Mediterranean, North Africa, and Spain).
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Punic Wars
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Spread of Slavery Romans made slaves of captured peoples during the wars and conquests which followed By 100 BC slaves made up one-third of Rome’s population Roman Slave Collar
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Expansion and Wealth Creates Problems The spread of slavery caused small farmers (former soldiers) to lose their land. The influx of wealth caused prices to rise (inflation)
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Unemployment Landless former farmer-soldiers flocked into the into cities looking for jobs and joined the ranks of the restless urban poor (25% of the population) The gap between the rich and the poor widened. Loss of jobs
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Decline of the Republic The end of democracy in Rome Civil wars erupted due to class conflicts and rivalries between politician-generals Another civil war erupted over the power of Julius Caesar
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Roman Republic Grows
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The First Triumvirate Three rulers who joined forces to take power from the senate and dominate Rome. Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey
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Julius Caesar He conquered Gaul (France today) He had the support of the masses and the army
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Caesar went to war with Pompey and won He returned to Rome with his army and forced the senate to make him dictator for life.
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Julius Caesar Emerges as Dictator
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Julius Caesar is Assassinated A group of senators stabbed Julius Caesar to death in the senate chamber
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More Civil Wars After Julius Caesar’s death civil war erupted Octavian (Augustus) joined forces with Mark Anthony and Lepidus and together they took control of Rome for ten years.
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Octavian vs. Marc Anthony Civil war erupted again between Octavian and Mark Anthony Octavian won. Octavian (Augustus) Anthony and Cleopatra
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Julius Caesar is Assassinated Octavian Caesar Becomes Emperor
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Augustus Caesar Octavian assumed absolute power and accepted the title “Augustus” Rome became an empire ruled by an emperor (no longer a republic or democracy).
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The Pax Romana 200 years of peace and prosperity established by the rule of Augustus (pax = peace, Romana = Roman) The Roman Empire continued to expand and solidify
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Roman Empire By the end of the second century, the Roman Empire stretched from Spain to Mesopotamia, and from North Africa to Great Britain.
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Economic Impact Augustus established a uniform system of money helping to expand trade. It was safe to travel and trade on Roman roads.
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Social Impact Augustus returned stability to the social classes Increased emphasis on the family
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Political Impact Augustus created a civil service: He paid workers to manage the affairs of government (postal system, tax collection, etc.) He developed a uniform rule of law
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Problems With Succession Succession – selection of the next emperor Because Rome had no written law for choosing a new emperor, crisis or civil war could occur when an emperor died.
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Octavian - Augustus
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Review
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