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AEGEAN (EAST) MEDITERRANEAN (SOUTH)
Ancient Greece was located on a peninsula with this sea to the EAST and this sea to the SOUTH: AEGEAN (EAST) MEDITERRANEAN (SOUTH)
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Location of Greece: Balkan Peninsula Europe Asia Minor
(Ionia was a city-state established during the Dark Ages)
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Major trade routes to spread Hellenic (GREEK) culture
Black Sea Dardanelles Strait
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Location of: 1.Athens 2. Sparta 3. Troy
Attica Peninsula Peloponnesian Peninsula Ionia/Asia Minor/Anatolia Peninsula
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What topographical feature led to the isolated development of city states instead of a unified empire? MOUNTAINS
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Trade for items they could not produce and COLONIZE
Although the climate was mild and some soils were good for grape, olive and wheat farming, Greeks had to: Trade for items they could not produce and COLONIZE
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1. Cultural diffusion 2. Technological advances
The good harbors and merchant trade emphasis resulted in this for Ancient Greece: 1. Cultural diffusion 2. Technological advances
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With such a mild climate, Greeks congregated in the AGORA and:
Engaged in civic and commercial activities.
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Ancient Greek religion was POLYTHEISTIC. True or False?
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What are the goals of Ancient Greek Religion?
1.To explain the mysteries of nature. 2. To explain life after death 4. To justify the unpredictability of human emotion
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King of the Greek Gods (and father of some humans like Hercules)
ZEUS
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Patron goddess of Athens:
ATHENA
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Greek goddess of love and beauty:
APHRODITE
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Sister and wife of ZEUS, protector of women and marriage:
HERA
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Greek god of the sun APOLLO
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Greek goddess of light and hunting
ARTEMIS
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Order of Athenian Government
Monarchy Aristocracy (oligarchy) Tyranny Democracy MATD
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Rule by one person who may inherit power by family succession is known as:
MONARCHY
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OLIGARCHY or Aristocracy involves rule by:
A small group of nobles.
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Rule by one person who seizes power by force is known as:
A TYRANNY
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Rule by a popular assembly in which the citizens may vote is known as :
DEMOCRACY
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Type of government in Sparta
OLIGARCHY (rule by a few nobles)
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City-state with rigid social structure and militaristic society
SPARTA
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Known for his epic poetry:
HOMER
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In order to ease overcrowding on the mainland of Greece and gain access to additional grain, the Greeks established: COLONIES
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The Greek merchants changed the barter economy of the Mediterranean to a:
MONEY ECONOMY (b/c all civilizations value the precious metal in money)
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The three social groups in the city-state were:
1. Citizens 2. Free people with no political rights (women & foreigners) 3. Slaves
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T or F: Civic decisions were made in open debate and men were expected to participate in public life
TRUE!
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The Athenian archon (tyrant) who was known for his written laws and harsh (Draconian) punishments:
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Athenian archon (tyrant) who improved the legal system and expanded participation in the Assembly
SOLON
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The wars against this empire united the Greeks against a common enemy:
PERSIA
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Results of the Persian War
Golden Age in Athens
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The Greeks triumphed at Marathon and Salamis giving them control over this sea:
THE AEGEAN SEA
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This Athenian ruler during Athens’ “Golden Age” established a democracy in which all adult male citizens had an equal voice in government PERICLES
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What is the name of the building built by this ruler in Athens after the destruction of the Persian Wars? THE PARTHENON
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Under Athenian leadership, this was an alliance of Greek city states for mutual defense:
THE DELIAN LEAGUE
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Two causes of the Peloponnesian War included:
Athenian dominance of the Delian League became excessive Sparta desired to overthrow Athens’ control of the league
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3 effects of the Peloponnesian War:
1. Greece was no longer united 2. Greece was vulnerable to invasion by the Macedonians 3. Cultural development was stopped
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Great Greek philosopher who introduced a new method of teaching by questioning and died from hemlock (poison): SOCRATES
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Author of the “Republic,” a work describing this philosopher’s idea of rule by wise and ethical Philosopher Kings PLATO
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An accomplished scientist as well as a great philosopher, this man favored a government in which there was a separation of powers: ARISTOTLE
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“Father of History,” this great Greek historian and traveler was known for exaggerating events:
HERODOTUS
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Greek historian who was accurate & impartial and only accepted eye-witness accounts
THUCYDIDES
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Greek sculptor who created the enormous statues of Athena for the Parthenon and the statue of Zeus for Olympia: PHIDIAS
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The 3 types of Greek columns are:
1. DORIC 2. IONIC (Ionian) 3. CORINTHIAN
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Known for his rational scientific and ethical approach, this man is considered the founder of modern medicine: HIPPOCRATES
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The most famous Greek scientist who mastered the use of the lever and pulley:
ARCHIMEDES
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Euclid developed a mathematical theory that is today known as:
GEOMETRY
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The great mathematician who developed the theorem known to all geometry students as the way to find the relationship between the sides of a right triangle: PYTHAGORUS
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Type of drama written by Aeschylus and Sophacles
TRAGEDY
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Macedonia is located __________ of Greece.
NORTH
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The Macedonian who conquered most of Greece and his son:
Philip II and Alexander
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Alexander’s empire and the influence of Greek culture extended as far as this river valley in the East THE INDUS RIVER VALLEY
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The primary language spoken in Alexander’s Empire:
GREEK
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T or F: The people of Egypt, Mesopotamia and India were not influenced by Greek culture and art.
FALSE!!
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Greek culture combined with Persian (oriental/Near East) culture
Hellenistic
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