1. Greek and Roman Mythology
A Review of
The Principal Gods and Goddesses

2. 9/26 Test Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 8/29
Summer Reading Review
8/30
Summer Reading
8/31
Creation Stories
9/1
9/2
RISE DAY
9/5
No School
9/6
Lovers
9/7
9/8
Perseus
9/9
9/12
9/13
Odyssey Assign paper
9/14
The Wanderings
9/15
The Cyclops
9/16
9/19
Circe
9/20
Questions part one
9/21
9/22
9/23
Discussion
9/26
Test

3. Do you recognize these symbols?
Ajax - Greek warrior in the
Trojan War, who "cleaned up" in battle;
popular household cleanser.
Midas - King with the golden touch,
who transformed all he touched to
gold; a famous muffler and brake chain of service stations.
Nike - Winged goddess of Victory, who can run
and fly at great speeds; a famous company that sells...well...if you haven't heard of the
company Nike, welcome to our planet...:)

4. What is a myth?
A traditional story rooted in primitive folk beliefs of cultures
Uses the supernatural to interpret natural events
Explains the culture’s view of the universe and the nature of humanity

5. There were five primary uses for myths. The uses were:
1. To explain natural phenomena or an occurrence.
-The seasons - Fire - Sunrise/set - the echo

6. 2. To explain the creation of the world.
According to the Hesiod (around 700 BC), in the beginning there was Chaos as a primeval state of existence. Chaos was the primal emptiness- a dark, silent, formless and infinite oddity with no trace of life.

7. 3. To teach people moral lessons.
Narcissus was renowned for his beauty. In the various stories he is exceptionally cruel, in that he disdains those who love him. As divine punishment he falls in love with a reflection in a pool, not realizing it was his own, and perishes there, not being able to leave the beauty of his own reflection.

8. 4. To explain some historical event.
The war is among the most important events in Greek mythology and was narrated in many works of Greek literature, including the Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer. "The Iliad" relates a part of the last year of the siege of Troy, while the Odyssey describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the Achaean leaders.

9. 5. To reveal the common hopes and fears of mankind.
Cerberus, the many-headed watchdog of Greek mythology, greeted souls when they arrived in the underworld. He also attacked them if they tried to escape. His image was a popular one with medieval artists. This sculpture of Cerberus can be found on Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France.

10. In the beginning... …was Chaos (shapeless nothingness)
Chaos had two children:
Night (darkness)
Erebus (death)
“All was black, empty, silent, endless.”
Mysteriously, Love was born of darkness and death.

11. And then... When Love was born, order and beauty began to flourish.
Love created Light and Day.
Earth was created.
She was the solid ground, but also a personality.
The Earth bore Heaven to cover her and be a home for the gods.

12. The First Parents Mother Earth = Gaea (Gaia)
Father Heaven = Ouranos (Uranus)
They had three kinds of children:
Three monsters with 100 hands and 50 heads
Three cyclopes
The titans
These were the first characters that had the appearance of life, although it was unlike any life known to man.

13. The Titans (The Elder Gods)
There were many of them.
Enormous size, incredible strength
Cronos (Saturn): Ruler of the titans
Rhea: Wife of Cronos
Ocean: River that encircled the world
Iapetus: Father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Atlas (also titans)

14. The Principal Gods Cronos and Rhea were parents of
Zeus (Jupiter, Jove)
Poseidon (Neptune)
Hades (Pluto)
Hera (Juno)
Hestia (Vesta)
Demeter (Ceres)
Other Olympians include
Athena (Minerva)
Ares (Mars)
Hebe (Juventas)
Hephaestus (Vulcan)
Apollo (Apollo)
Artemis (Diana)
Hermes (Mercury)
Aphrodite (Venus)
Dionysus (Bacchus)
Persephone

15. The Olympians

16. Zeus Roman Name: Jupiter (also Jove) Supreme god of the Olympians.
Fathered many characters in mythology

17. Zeus

18. Hera Roman Name: Juno Zeus’s sister and wife
Jealous protector of marriage
Punished the women Zeus fell in love with

19. Poseidon Roman Name: Neptune God of the Seas and Waters
“The Earthshaker”

20. Hades Roman Name: Pluto God of the Underworld/ Dead
Kidnapped Persephone

21. Hestia
Roman Name: Vesta
Goddess of Home
Powerful Protector

22. Demeter Roman Name: Ceres Goddess of the Harvest
A Goddess of the Earth

23. Athena Roman Name: Minerva Goddess of Wisdom and War
Sprang from Zeus’s head

24. Ares Roman Name: Mars God of War Son of Zeus and Hera
Bloodthirsty and merciless

25. Hephaestus Roman Name: Vulcan (Mulciber) God of Fire/Forge
Son of Zeus and Hera
Kind, unlike his brother

26. Apollo Roman Name: Apollo God of Light/Sun and Music
Brother of Artemis

27. Artemis
Roman Name: Diana
Goddess of the Moon/ Hunt
Sister to Apollo

28. Hermes Roman Name: Mercury Messenger of the Gods
Appears in more myths than any other character

29. Aphrodite Roman Name: Venus Goddess of Love and Beauty
Sprang from the ocean foam

30. Dionysus Roman Name: Bacchus God of Wine Patron god of the Greek stage
A God of the Earth

31. Persephone Roman Name: Proserpina Goddess of the Underworld
Daughter of Zeus and Demeter
Abducted by Hades

32. Hebe Roman Name: Juventas Goddess of Youth Cupbearer to the Gods
Restored youth to the aged

33. Eros Roman Name: Cupid Young God of Love
Son of Aphrodite and Hephaestus

34. Iris Goddess of the Rainbow Messenger for Zeus and Hera
Daughter of the titan Thaumus and the nymph Electra

35. The Muses Goddesses who presided over the arts and sciences
“He is happy whom the muses love.”
Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne
Inspired artists of all kinds
Clio, Urania, Thalia, Melpomene, Erato, Calliope, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Polyhymnia

36. The Graces Three Goddesses of Grace and Beauty
“They give life its bloom.”
Aglaia (Splendor)
Euphrosyne (Mirth)
Thalia (Good Cheer)

37. The Erinnyes (The Furies)
Roman Name: Furiae or Dirae (The Furies)
Three Goddesses of Vengeance
Tisiphone
Alecto
Megaera
They punish evildoers.

38. The Fates Roman Name: Parcae, Moirae Three sisters
Clotho (“The Spinner”)
Lachesis (“The disposer of lots”)
Atropos (“The cutter”)
They weave, measure, and cut the thread of life for humans.

39. The Satyrs Gods of the woods and mountains “Shepherd gods”
Goat men (like Pan)
Companions of Dionysus
They like to drink, dance, and chase nymphs.

40. The Gorgons Three snake-haired monsters Medusa is most well-known
Their look turns men to stone.

41. The Centaurs Half man, half horse Savage creatures (except Chiron)
Followers of Dionysus

42. Sources
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