1. IDENTIFICATION
Dr. AJEE KURUVILLA

2. Anthropometry- Bertillonage
Habitual Criminals Register- Great Britain
1882- Anthropometry introduced by Alphonse Bertillon
Based on measurements of – total height, span of arms, ht. of trunk, length & width of head, length & width of right ear, length of left foot, left middle & ring finger, left forearm
1888- Dept of Judicial Identity
Probability- 1 in 4 million

3. Evolution of finger print as identification tool
1820- Prof Johann Purkinje
1860- William Herschel
Same period- Dr Henry Faulds reported in 1880
1891- Francis Galton published paper on classification of finger prints
Edward Henry-simple classification
1914- Alphonse Bertillon died a shattered man

4. FINGER PRINTS

5. Fingerprint / Dactylography / Dermatoglyphics
Dactylography is the process of taking impressions of the pulp of fingers and thumbs on an unglazed white paper and examining them with a magnifying lens.

6. Principle
Fingers covered with characteristic ridges – permanent & unique
Different even in twins
Locard’s principle of exchange
When 2 objects come in contact with each other, there will be always a mutual transference of material from each other

7. Arches

8. Loops

9. Whorl & Mixed (Composite)

10. Classification 4 basic fingerprint patterns: Loop – 65 % Whorl – 25 %
Arch – 7 %
Composite (Mixed) – 3 %
Arches : plain arches or tented arches.
Loops : radial or ulnar, depending on the side of
the hand the tail points towards.
Composites: central pocket loop, double loop, accidentals

11. 16 -20 points of fine comparison are accepted as proof of identity
Points for comparison
Presence of center [core] and triangle [delta] in the print
Presence of pores [poroscopy]
Minutae of ridges- ridge ending, bifurcation, spur formation, dots, lakes, broken ridge, short ridge etc
points of fine comparison are
accepted as proof of identity

12. Recording of fingerprints
Plain impression: Gentle pressing of inked surface of tip of finger / thumb on the paper
Rolled impression: Rolling the inked finger / thumb from side to side
In criminals: Impressions of all the digits of both the hands are taken & preserved by police for future identification
In dead body:
dried finger tips (soaked in an alkaline solution);
if skin peeled off (dermis or peeled-off skin hardened by formalin)

13. Latent print:
Although the word latent means hidden or invisible, in forensic science the term latent prints means any chance or accidental impression on a surface, regardless of whether it is visible or invisible at the time of deposition
Plastic print:
A finger or palm impression deposited in a material that retains the shape of the ridge detail.
Example: Soft matrrials like wax, soap, clay, etc.
Visible print :
impression on blood, paint, dust, dye which can be recorded by photography

14. Poroscopy
Study of pores of sweat glands in the papillary ridges of epidermis
Number of pores, their size, shape & site in a given length of a ridge - individualistic

15. Foot prints Study of impressions of foot Comparison of Dermatoglyphics
Measurements of parts
Stature = max foot length/ 0.15
Walking foot print
Recorded by photographs / casts

16. Scars Acquired defect Result of repair mechanism Covered by epithelium
Devoid of pigmentation, sweat glands, hair follicles
MLI: identification, nature of injury, causative agent, age of scar

17. Cheiloscopy Study of lip prints Linear Bifurcate Reticular
Undetermined
24 individual characteristics

18. Rugoscopy Study of palatal rugae Protected from Trauma Individual
Do not change during growth
Harrison Allen (1889)
Primary rugae, secondary rugae, fragmented rugae

19. Forensic Odontology (Forensic Dentistry)
Identification: Comparing antemortem (AM) & postmortem (PM) records
burnt,mutilated, decomposing remains
Estimation of age
Race, occupation, sex
Bite marks
Diagnosis of poisoning

20. 6. The finger print system (dactylography) was devised by
a) H.H. Asquith .
b) Francis Galton.
c) Alphonse Bertillon
d) Edward Henry

21. 8. The term “latent fingerprint” refers to
a) Invisible fingerprint on any surface that requires developing .
b) Visible fingerprinting made on soft surface
c) Visible print made by finger contaminated with blood, paint etc.
d) all the above

22. 9. One of the following is NOT a type of fingerprint
a) Circle .
b) Loop
c) Arch
d) Whorl

23. For positive identification by comparing
For positive identification by comparing fingerprints, the minimum number of points of similarity of minutiae is
a) 4-5
b) 6-10
c) 11-15
d) 16-20

24. 11. Fingerprint impressions left by fingers contaminated by blood or paint at a scene of crime are referred to as
a) Visible prints.
b) Latent prints.
c) Plastic prints.
d) Chance prints..

25. 12. Fingerprint impressions left on soft substance such as wax or clay at a scene of crime are
a) Visible prints.
b) Latent prints.
c) Plastic prints.
d) Chance prints..

26. 13. Of all the patterns of fingerprints, the commonest pattern is
a) Arch
b) Loop.
c) Whorl.
d) Composite

27. 14. Cheiloscopy is the study of
a) Epidermal ridges.
b) Palatal rugae.
c) Skull sutures.
d) Lip prints .

28. 15. The study of epidermal ridges and their configuration is referred to as
a) Dactylography .
b) Dermatoglyphics.
c) Anthropometry.
d) Rugoscopy .

29. 16. All the following are types of lip prints EXCEPT
a) Linear.
b) Bifurcate.
c) Reticular.
d) Fragmented.

30. 17. Bertillion system is applicable to :
a) Adults.
b) Children .
c) Infants.
d) All of them.

31. THANK YOU