1. BIOMETRICS: Libraries have begun to see the value of biometrics. M.G. SELVI Technical Officer Center of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras.

2. INTRODUCTION Biometrics is the Science and Technology of Measuring and Analyzing Biological data.

3. It is an Automated Method of recognizing a person based on a Physiological or Behavioral characteristics The Features measured are, face finger print hand geometry hand writing iris voice blood vessels in the retina coloration in the cornea of the eye DNA from tissue samples

4. Biometric-Based Authentication Dr. S.R. RANGANATHAN, Father of Library Science said, “ The Right Book to the Right Reader at the Right Time ” Dr. S.R. RANGANATHAN, Father of Library Science said, “ The Right Book to the Right Reader at the Right Time ” At present distinguishing “The Right Person” from an imposter is the key to security and trust. At present distinguishing “The Right Person” from an imposter is the key to security and trust. Biometric based solution provide Biometric based solution provide  Personal data privacy  Confidential financial transaction

5. Biometric-base authentication applications include Workstation Workstation Network and Domain access Network and Domain access Single Sign-on Single Sign-on Application logon Application logon Data Protection Data Protection Remote access to resources Remote access to resources Transaction security and Transaction security and Web security. Web security.

6. Biometric Device – Fingerprint Finger Print is  not easily borrowed,  lost  stolen  forgotten  falsified or  guessed.

7. Biometrics and Libraries In libraries, finger print identification has the additional benefits of o Convenience o Customer confidence o Prevent theft and vandalism o Prevent unauthorized & fraudulent use fraudulent use o Improves safety o Accuracy and o Security

8. Biometric Finger Scanners It consists of o A reader or scanning device o Software that converts the scanned information into Digital form and compares match points o A Database that stores the Biometric data for comparison

9. Biometric System Finger print identification process consists of two essential procedures Enrollment Authentication No person’s finger prints are identical to those of another individual!

10. Comparison for identification A Verification System A Verification System It conducts a one-to- one comparison (1:1) to determine whether the identity is true. It conducts a one-to- one comparison (1:1) to determine whether the identity is true. eg. Accessing an online secure data source. eg. Accessing an online secure data source. An Identification System It conducts a one-to- many (1:N) comparison to establish a subject’s identity. eg.Front counter check-in

11. Benefits of Biometrics in Libraries From LIBRARY POINT OF VIEW Recurring cost for Library card eliminated Recurring cost for Library card eliminated Easy and foolproof verification of end user Easy and foolproof verification of end user Rack management for book retrieval Rack management for book retrieval Dynamic & easy searching of books Dynamic & easy searching of books Online budget and account maintenance Online budget and account maintenance Instant reports Instant reports No misuse of authority No misuse of authority Full inventory control Full inventory control

12. From Student/ Member point of view Problems due to library card will be eliminated. Problems due to library card will be eliminated. No misuse of library card is possible due to fingerprint. No misuse of library card is possible due to fingerprint. Searching of complete library on a fingertip without scanning whole manual register. Searching of complete library on a fingertip without scanning whole manual register. No time wastage in issuing/returning of books No time wastage in issuing/returning of books Control in Library Internet Access, Self check out systems and Electronic media control (DVDs, CDs). Control in Library Internet Access, Self check out systems and Electronic media control (DVDs, CDs).

13. Diagram explaining biometric needs for employees & members in libraries

14. CENTRAL SERVER AND MANAGER EMPLOYEES MEMBERS NON-MEMBERS PASSWORD – Password management & Control for Computers,Websites, Application & Corporate Networks TELLER – File Cabinet and Drawer Access TIME – Employee Time and Attendance MEMBER – I.D. Theft Prevention for Employees and Members ACCESS – Interior and/or Exterior Door Access

15. BIOMETRICS IN PC ACCESS, NETWORK ACCESS, PASSWORD ELIMINATION IN LIBRARIES  Protects individual PCs and Network Access.  Reduce IT helpdesks calls for password resets.  Authenticate who is accessing what PC, Network, and application with exceptional accuracy.  Associate a single fingerprint with as many or as few passwords or PINs on a system. Single sign or convenience for application and websites.  Logon automatically without having to type in another password.

16.  Eliminate the security risks of written down passwords.  Protects passwords from most key logging viruses.  Prevent stolen or Borrowed passwords.  Easy to use and enroll fingerprint profiles.  Easy installation.

17. Web-Based Biometric Authentication System (WBAS)

18. The authentication can be done by:  Fingerprint only (needs a fingerprint reader)  Face only (needs a webcam/camera)  Fingerprint and Face (needs a fingerprint reader and a webcam/camera)

19. Biometrics and smart card system Biometrics add an additional layer of security to a smart card system Smart cards provide the “something you have”factor. The “Something you know”is usually a PIN Integrating a finger print scanner into a smart card reader increases security by adding “something you are”

20. Biometrics in INDIA India which is perpetually under the threat of terrorism and security breach, is gearing up to adopt various biometric methods. It is used in Defense and Security Industry Defense and Security Industry Police Administration Police Administration Finance Ministry (PANs) Finance Ministry (PANs) Home Affairs (IDs) Home Affairs (IDs) Libraries Libraries

21. BIOMETRICS INDIA EXPO 2007: The First International Conference and Exhibition of Biometric Technologies and Applications will be held at PRAGATI MAIDAN, NEW DELHI, September 13- 15, 2007.

22. CONCLUSION Technology is growing rapidly, but at the Technology is growing rapidly, but at the same time security breaches and transaction frauds are also in the increase world over. All agencies including Libraries who are in need of security, surveillance and safety have to adopt biometrics. “THE FUTURE DEPENDS ON WHAT WE DO IN THE PRESENT” -MAHATMA GANDHI Let us hope for a safe and secure future!

23. Thank you,