1. DUCK FARMING MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL CLASS 3 rd SEMESTER, 2011/2011

2. WaterfowlWaterfowl : Utility Breeds : DOMESTIC DUCKS Utility Breeds WaterfowlUtility Breeds DOMESTIC DUCKS DOMESTIC DUCKS Keeping ducks has become one of the most popular domestic hobbies in the past few years, stirring a revival of interest in the breeds, following many years of indifference. People keep them for many different reasons, increasingly they are to contribute to the family menu, their eggs are delightfully rich and their meat is delicious. Keeping ducks has become one of the most popular domestic hobbies in the past few years, stirring a revival of interest in the breeds, following many years of indifference. People keep them for many different reasons, increasingly they are to contribute to the family menu, their eggs are delightfully rich and their meat is delicious.eggs meateggs meat

3. BLUE SWEDISH Blue Swedish used to be working birds, providing moderate numbers of eggs and a reasonable carcass, but there has been little selection for these traits over the past 30-50 years so they are really just attractive garden pets nowadays. Blue Swedish used to be working birds, providing moderate numbers of eggs and a reasonable carcass, but there has been little selection for these traits over the past 30-50 years so they are really just attractive garden pets nowadays. The blue is, in fact, grey feathering, and frequently there is a darker modifier in the genetics, so it is not uncommon to get almost black youngsters with the white bib as well as the paler grey birds. Few breeders would chose the dark ones to add to a breeding flock. The bib should be front and centre, it is considered a fault for it to be around the neck, but, with age, birds may develop more and more white feathering as the years pass The blue is, in fact, grey feathering, and frequently there is a darker modifier in the genetics, so it is not uncommon to get almost black youngsters with the white bib as well as the paler grey birds. Few breeders would chose the dark ones to add to a breeding flock. The bib should be front and centre, it is considered a fault for it to be around the neck, but, with age, birds may develop more and more white feathering as the years pass

4. BLUE SWEDISH

5. MAGPIE DUCKS A Grey Magpie duck Magpies are a cheerful duck breed - they should be active rangers; love swimming; lay lots of green/ blue eggs and have great hatchability. They come in both grey and white and black and white. Originally bred in Wales relatively recently [around 1920's] to be a dual purpose breed - eggs and meat. Records show that they were capable of laying around 180 eggs a year. Unfortunately, in the past 30 years, so few breeders / owners record egg numbers or select for productivity it is very difficult to ascertain the productivity of birds nowadays.

6. For the exhibition folk its a real challenge to get the markings just so, and this type of selection has reduced meat and egg qualities enormously, but if that does not worry you it certainly does not worry the ducks. As with all the domestic duck breeds there needs to be many more breeders selecting for good egg numbers; size and table size making sure not to lose the breed markings but not being over fussy until we have got some great productivity going. A meat advantage of the magpie is that there are white feathers on the chest meat MAGPIE DUCKS

7. CAMPBELL - dark, khaki, white the Utility and the pet strains of Campbells. The latter two are rarely as well marked but the few Utility strains left of Khaki Campbells in the country can have phenomenal laying ability - better than many pure breed hens these days. Most strains bred in the domestic environment are pet birds, which can be disappointing layers depending on the selection of the breeder. There is now only one major commericial producer of the high egg laying Khaki Campbell now,Utilitypet

8. A White Campbell drake The Khaki Campbell was produced in Great Britain by Mrs Campbell of Uley at the turn of this century. The origins are from the wild mallard; the fawn and white Runner and the Rouen. She only produced a simple breed standard initially because the main purpose was to retain the egg laying properties. The best lines in the past have been recorded to lay nearly 340 eggs a year. The Khaki Campbell was produced in Great Britain by Mrs Campbell of Uley at the turn of this century. The origins are from the wild mallard; the fawn and white Runner and the Rouen. She only produced a simple breed standard initially because the main purpose was to retain the egg laying properties. The best lines in the past have been recorded to lay nearly 340 eggs a year.Runner RouenRunner Rouen The White Campbell developed as a sport from the Khaki The White Campbell developed as a sport from the Khaki

9. The Dark Campbell The Campbell is a busy hardy little duck - always on the go looking for bugs; swimming; investigating their surroundings. Birds that have a fair amount of space can get quite fit and may fly; if this is a problem - clipping one wing usually sorts the problem out. The Campbell is a busy hardy little duck - always on the go looking for bugs; swimming; investigating their surroundings. Birds that have a fair amount of space can get quite fit and may fly; if this is a problem - clipping one wing usually sorts the problem out.clipping one wing clipping one wing Eggs : white, about 2.5 ounces; numbers can be anything from 50 a year to 250 a year, its imperative to find out what type of selection has been done on the past 5 generations when selecting a breeder if you are wanting good layers. Meat: they were high quality lean roasters about 4 pounds in weight. Almost no breeders are selecting for meat so this can be optimistic. Eggs : white, about 2.5 ounces; numbers can be anything from 50 a year to 250 a year, its imperative to find out what type of selection has been done on the past 5 generations when selecting a breeder if you are wanting good layers. Meat: they were high quality lean roasters about 4 pounds in weight. Almost no breeders are selecting for meat so this can be optimistic.

10. The Dark Campbell

11. The Khaki Campbell The Khaki Campbell drake has a green bronze head, neck, rump and flashes; the rest of his plumage is an even warm shade of khaki with lighter shading on the lower part of the breast. His bill should be greenish blue as dark as possible; dark orange legs and brown eyes. The ducks' warm khaki plumage is pencilled throughout, with the head and neck being less so and a slightly darker shade. She has a dark slate bill; brown eyes and the legs and webs should be as close to the colour of the plumage as possible The Khaki Campbell drake has a green bronze head, neck, rump and flashes; the rest of his plumage is an even warm shade of khaki with lighter shading on the lower part of the breast. His bill should be greenish blue as dark as possible; dark orange legs and brown eyes. The ducks' warm khaki plumage is pencilled throughout, with the head and neck being less so and a slightly darker shade. She has a dark slate bill; brown eyes and the legs and webs should be as close to the colour of the plumage as possible

12. The Khaki Campbell

13. MUSCOVY DUCKS

14. This breed is genetically different from the other domestic ducks, so much so that interbreeding creates infertile 'mules' which are commonly very attractive, and, if the right domestic duck is used, is a fantastic table bird. This breed is genetically different from the other domestic ducks, so much so that interbreeding creates infertile 'mules' which are commonly very attractive, and, if the right domestic duck is used, is a fantastic table bird.domestic ducksdomestic ducks

15. Duck Housing and Management William F. Dean, Ph.D., and Tirath S. Sandhu, DVM, Ph.D.

16. Raising Ducks on Open Ponds Ducks may be kept successfully on open ponds, provided a nearby dry sheltered area is available. Ducks kept on ponds may obtain part of their food from plant and animal life in and around the pond, but supplemental feeding will probably be necessary. In tropical areas it is common to combine duck raising on ponds with fish farming.

17. Herding Duck Management n Indonesia, herded flocks under the care of a single herdsman usually range in size from 90 to 130.

18. Herding Duck Management During the day, a flock of ducks, usually mature females, is allowed to search for food in harvested rice fields and other areas where food is plentiful. At night, the flock is returned to a confinement, usually a bamboo pen, where eggs are laid during the night. Eggs are collected and sold, or used for food by the herdsman's family. During the day, a flock of ducks, usually mature females, is allowed to search for food in harvested rice fields and other areas where food is plentiful. At night, the flock is returned to a confinement, usually a bamboo pen, where eggs are laid during the night. Eggs are collected and sold, or used for food by the herdsman's family.

19. Herding Duck Management The major part of the diet of herded ducks consists of whole grains and snails, plus small amounts of insects, leaf material, crabs and frogs. It is the job of the herdsman to move the flock, as often as necessary, to areas where food is plentiful. Portable fencing and other equipment is moved with the flock to each new location. A grassy area with some protection, such as provided by trees, is selected as a base camp where the fencing is set up. Supplemental feed is given to herded ducks only when the food supply in the fields is inadequate. The major part of the diet of herded ducks consists of whole grains and snails, plus small amounts of insects, leaf material, crabs and frogs. It is the job of the herdsman to move the flock, as often as necessary, to areas where food is plentiful. Portable fencing and other equipment is moved with the flock to each new location. A grassy area with some protection, such as provided by trees, is selected as a base camp where the fencing is set up. Supplemental feed is given to herded ducks only when the food supply in the fields is inadequate.

20. Commercial duck production

21. Modern commercial total-confinement duck housing usually has clear-span-truss framing, and is well insulated and mechanically ventilated. Age groups are kept isolated, either in separate buildings or in separate rooms with solid partitions between them. Floor design is usually one of two types: all wire mesh; or a combination of litter and wire mesh with waterers located on the wire

22. Commercial duck production Ventilation systems are usually the negative pressure type with adjustable, or automatically controlled air inlets and exhaust fans located along the side walls. Because waterfowl drink and excrete more water than land fowl, extra demand is placed on the ventilation and heating system to remove the extra moisture and maintain proper temperatures.

23. Commercial duck production Semi-confinement duck housing is similar to the above in many respects with the exception that ducks over 2-3 weeks of age are allowed outdoors during the day. Ducks over 4 weeks of age may spend much of their time outdoors with minimal use of shelter. Semi-confinement duck housing is similar to the above in many respects with the exception that ducks over 2-3 weeks of age are allowed outdoors during the day. Ducks over 4 weeks of age may spend much of their time outdoors with minimal use of shelter.

24. Brooding

25. Brooding The brooder guards should allow enough room so that the ducklings can move away from the heat if it gets too warm. See Table 1 for recommended temperatures, which are gradually lowered as the duckling grows. In addition, ducklings should be allowed access to more of the floor area of the pen as they grow older. When outside temperatures are above 70°F (21.1°C), ducklings can be allowed outdoors part of the day after about 14 days of age.