1. Gayaguem Music & Its Structure JOENGAK Traditional Music Genre Folk Music

2. Joengak 正樂 ( 正 : right 樂 :music= righteous music) “ Generally speaking, a slow melody is leisurely, like a flock of clouds floating in the sky.” Central to court ritual and ceremonial music and aristocratic music in Joseon Dynasty (1392 ~ 1910) Slow tempo / emotionally restrained Self-cultivation Peaceful

3. Joengak : Sujaechun Meditation? In Royal Procession Ceremonies and Court Music Performances Everlasting Life Su 壽 : life jae 齊 :same chun 天 : heaven

4. Joengak : Sujaechun http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MMulcRsTeE

5. Intensive vibrato ( Nonghyun ) & sigimsae Compare to Jeongak Greater Range of Tempo & More Expressive Melodies in Emotions Meaning Scattered Melodies Various Rhythm Cycle Folk Music : Sanjo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-OuZS6uBO0 Nongak : traditional farmers' music Gayaguem Sanjo performance :

6. Epic-Length Stories “Sori” = Song “Aniri” = Narration “Ballim” = Mimetic gestures “Gosu ( 鼓手 ) ” = Drummer 鼓手 “Chuimsae” : ‘eolssu’, ‘eu-iee’, ‘eolssigu’… Musical Drama Folk Music : Pansori Buk : http://tvpot.daum.net/clip/ClipView.do?clipid=21258103

7. Vocalist Governed by a Modal System Drummer with a Fixed Cyclic Pattern Freedom to Improvise Sanjo vs. Pansori Length of Pansori Folk Music : Pansori

8. “Samguksagi” (Historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, A.D. 1145) The King Gasil of Gaya Kingdom (A.D. 42 – 532) Zither from Gaya Ureuk & The King Jinheung of Silla Gayaguem : Its Origin

9. Flat bottom = Earth Twelve strings = Twelve months Round surface of the front board = Heaven Sun & Moon = Yin & Yang(balance of universal forces) Jwadan, 喜 = Joy and Happiness / The Sun & The moon Gayaguem : Structure with its Symbolic Value

10. Twelve bridges, anjok ( 안족 / 雁足 /wild geese feet) Phoenix= good luck :

11. Jeongak Gayageum: Assoicated with accompaniment for court/chamber music and lyric songs Wider spacing between strings Slow music : Yeongsan-hoesang Twelve to twenty-five strings Jeongak Ancient gayageum : Beopgeum (law-zither), Pungnyu (elegance), or Jeongak (right music) Gayageum Gayaguem : Types and Musical Characteristics

12. 靈山會上佛菩薩 : Buddha’s sermon Nine Pieces : Slowest in the 1 st movement to fastest in the 9 th movement “Sangryungsan” Ensemble accompaniment for lyric song Music of Jeongak Gayaguem : Yeongsan-hoesang & others http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-OuZS6uBO0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEMLpxirxM8

13. 19 th century with the emergence of Sanjo music (fast tempos and improvisational) Closer string spacing & Shorter length Folk Song : “Arirang” Traditionally Silk string & Occasionally Synthetic string since the late 20 th century “Sinawhi” : Ensemble form of Sanjo / Jazz Music of Sanjo Gayaguem Music for sanjo gayageum: Sanjo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsF9y33eZbw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkM_LXUCMeAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkM_LXUCMeAc

15. Composed by Byunggi Hwang Music of Sanjo Gayaguem : Contemporary Music (Chimhyangmoo) Spreading through a Tree Imagination of Western Culture through the Silk Road to Silla 沈 香 a valuable Indian incense 舞 a tree

16. Silk String vs. Polyester String Soft & Delicate Tone Color vs. Louder & More Brilliant Sound Modern music Various number of strings : 18 Strings : tuned to a Pentatonic Scale & Made of Polyester Synthetic String 25 Strings : tuned heptatonically Modified Gayaguem http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zhaQTrds7Q http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhT5vtV1kI4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9MFxxobUcY