1. The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing 2010 Norman C. Leppla University of Florida Department of Entomology and Nematology and Nematology

2. Leppla’s Career in Insect Rearing University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2 years USDA, ARS- Insectary management Florida & Texas, 17 years USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC & international, 7 years University of Florida- Integrated pest management & BC, 13 years

3. Countries of Workshop Students

4. Educational Background High School BS MS PhD Number of responses Entomology Agronomy Plant Health On the Job

5. Educational Background 2010 Class

6. Learning How to Rear High Quality Insects Apprentice in an insectary Network with other professionals Literature plus trial-and-error Visit other insectaries Reviews by experts Education and Training programs

7. Insectary Manager Network Anyone associated with the mass rearing of insects Contact Person: Travis Wood United Industries Corporation

9. Insect Diet & Rearing Research, LLC Rearing news Research Consultation Educational programs Quality control Custom workshops http://www.insectdiets.com

10. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects Collection of appropriate biotypesCollection of appropriate biotypes Colonization and strain developmentColonization and strain development Rearing proficiencyRearing proficiency Colony managementColony management OptimizationOptimization Strain replacementStrain replacement

11. I. Introduction

12. II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects II. Colony Establishment and Maintenance

13. II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

14. White witch, Thysania agrippina White witch, Thysania agrippina (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

15. Monarch Painted Lady Small Scale Rearing: Butterflies II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems Rearing Systems

16. Diet Preparation Building Insect Rearing Facilities General Rearing Building

17. State-of-the-Art Rearing Rooms

18. Medium-Scale Rearing: Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea

19. USDA, ARS Rearing Keith Halein Clarence Green Jack Rye Bill Fisher

20. USDA, ARS Rearing Steve Carlyle Fred Adams

21. Annie Lorie Insect rearing is never a boring task; insects are always doing something interesting and pose new challenges all the time Punky Rogers USDA, ARS Rearing Rearing

22. Mass Rearing: Medfly Metapa, Mexico El Pino, Guatemala Capacity of 3.5 billion sterile male pupae per week

23. Honolulu, Hawaii Nori Tanaka

24. Peter Ebling Insect Producer Database Mgr. Great Lakes Forestry Centre 1219 Queen St. East Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 peter.ebling@nrcan.gc.ca (705) 541-5517 II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects

25. World-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 nematode ordersWorld-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 nematode orders Data submitted by sourcesData submitted by sources Searchable databaseSearchable database Expand clientsExpand clients Adopt-a-colonyAdopt-a-colony http://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca

26. Field Collecting Cabbage Loopers

27. Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing Capability

28. II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects of Colonized Insects

32. III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality III. C. Production, Process and Product Control III. Monitoring Quality

33. III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests Quantity- Number of Pupae or AdultsQuantity- Number of Pupae or Adults Size- Weight of PupaeSize- Weight of Pupae Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg HatchFecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch Rate of Development-SynchronizationRate of Development-Synchronization Adult Behavior-Flight, LongevityAdult Behavior-Flight, Longevity Field Performance- Achieve PurposeField Performance- Achieve Purpose

34. Specifications- Requirements for a product or service Standards- The level of quality at which a specification is written

36. III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality Count = Measurement = N Count = Measurement = N Mean = Sum/Number of Counts = X Mean = Sum/Number of Counts = X Variance = Sum of (N – X) 2 / n-1 = 2 Variance = Sum of (N – X) 2 / n-1 = 2 Standard Deviation = Square Root of 2 = SD

38. III. C. Production, Process and Product Control and Product Control

39. IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review IV. Evaluation and Management

40. IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures Procedures

41. IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement Quality Control Quality Control Monitor indicator variables Evaluate multiple variables Troubleshoot using QC data Conduct evaluations rapidly Goal is to restore stable production Methods Improvement Methods Improvement Conduct evaluations methodically Test one variable at a time Use controlled experiments Test results in the production system Goal is to optimize production

42. Improving Male Fruit Fly Performance Abiotic Environment Holding Cages Handling for Release Biotic Environment Juvenile hormone Nutrients (sucrose) Semiochemicals

43. Olivefly Methods Improvement FAO/IAEA Entomology Unit Seibersdorf, Austria - 2009

44. Eggs/Cage Eggs laid Eggs hatched Sex ratio male:female

45. Total eggs laid Number of females Eggs laidEggs Hatched

46. Eggs laidEggs hatched Total eggs laid Number of males

47. Olivefly Methods Improvement

48. IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review Terms of reference Terms of reference Preparation Preparation Seek to understand Seek to understand Clarify Clarify ReportReport FeedbackFeedback ReflectReflect

49. V. Guidelines for Quality Systems IOBC

50. Global Quality Control Programs Individual Companies CustomersIndividual Companies Customers International Standards ISO 9000 ASTM International IOBC GuidelinesInternational Standards ISO 9000 ASTM International IOBC Guidelines The Marketplace Quality ProductsThe Marketplace Quality Products

51. to facilitate and advance cost-effective rearing of high quality insects and other arthropods in support of biological control and integrated pest management http://www.amrqc.org International Organization for Biological Control

52. Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) 1982Gainesville, FloridaE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1984Wadenswil, SwitzerlandE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1986Guatemala City, GuatemalaC. 0. Calkins 1988Vancouver, CanadaC. 0. Calkins 1991Wageningen, NetherlandsF. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren 1992Horsholm, DenmarkF. Bigler 1993Rimini, ItalyM. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla 1995Santa Barbara, CaliforniaR. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla 1998 Cali, ColombiaN. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley 2003 Montpellier, FranceP. De Clercq, S. Grenier and N. C. Leppla 2007 Montreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister 2010 Vienna, AustriaP. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron

53. VI. Total Quality Management

54. Generic Guidelines for Quality Systems Policy, Planning and AdministrationPolicy, Planning and Administration Design Assurance and Change ControlDesign Assurance and Change Control Control of Purchased MaterialsControl of Purchased Materials Production Quality ControlProduction Quality Control User Contact and Field PerformanceUser Contact and Field Performance Corrective ActionCorrective Action Employees- Select, Train and MotivateEmployees- Select, Train and Motivate

56. Total Quality Management in Insect Rearing

57. Insect Pest Control (IPC) http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/public/ipc-model-plan- sterile-insect-technique.html

58. Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control References Leppla, N. C. 2009. The basics of quality control for insect rearing. In Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University.Leppla, N. C. 2009. The basics of quality control for insect rearing. In Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Entomology.Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. In Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Proc.Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. In Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Proc. Leppla, N. C. 2002, 2009. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects.Leppla, N. C. 2002, 2009. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects.

59. For more information or a copy of this presentation please visit: http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu Extension Resources, Presentations