1. INSECT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

2. GENERALIZED INTERNAL ANATOMY
INSECT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
GENERALIZED INTERNAL ANATOMY

3. Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut Brain and Associated Ganglia
INSECT INTERNAL ANATOMY
Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut
Brain and Associated Ganglia
Malpighian Tubules
Heart and Dorsal Aorta
Ventral Nerve Chord
Spiracles and Trachea

4. INSECTS HAVE A “COMPLETE” DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INSECTS HAVE A “COMPLETE” DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

5. INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL IN CROSS SECTION
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
“Tube Within A Tube”
Design
INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL IN CROSS SECTION

6. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL IS DIVIDED INTO THREE (3) FUNCTIONAL REGIONS:
FOREGUT (STOMODEUM)
MIDGUT (MESENTERON)
HINDGUT (PROCTODEUM)

7. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE FOREGUT AND HINDGUT ARE OF ECTODERMAL ORIGIN AND LINED WITH A THIN LAYER OF CUTICLE
(THE INTIMA)
FOREGUT (ECTODERM)
MIDGUT (ENDODERM)
HINDGUT (ECTODERM)

8. MIDGUT (ENDODERM) EPITHELIAL CELLS SECRETE A PROTECTIVE BARRIER
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE MIDGUT IS OF ENDODERMAL ORIGIN AND LACKS A PROTECTIVE LAYER OF CUTICLE
MIDGUT (ENDODERM) EPITHELIAL CELLS SECRETE A PROTECTIVE BARRIER
THE PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE

9. LOCATION AND MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE FOREGUT, MIDGUT, HINDGUT

10. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

11. COMPLEX MOUTHPARTS PROVIDE INITIAL FOOD MANIPULATION AND PROCESSING
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
COMPLEX MOUTHPARTS PROVIDE INITIAL FOOD MANIPULATION AND PROCESSING

12. MOISTEN AND LUBRICATE MOUTHPARTS, DISSOLVE FOOD, INITIATE DIGESTION
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SALIVARY GLANDS
SALIVARIUM
SALIVARY DUCT
MOISTEN AND LUBRICATE MOUTHPARTS, DISSOLVE FOOD, INITIATE DIGESTION
SALIVARY GLAND

13. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SALIVARY GLANDS
Silk Moth (Bombyx mori)

14. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE HYPOPHARYNX IS A TONGUE-LIKE STRUCTURE WHICH AIDS IN THE INITIAL MANIPULATION AND MIXING OF FOOD.
HYPOPHARYNX

15. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
CIBARIAL MUSCLES – “CIBARIAL PUMP”
AN INSECTS MOUTH IS LOCATED AT THE BASE OF THE MOUTHPARTS AND SERVES AS A MUSCULAR VALVE FOR FOOD INGESTION

16. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
CROP
PHARYNX
PROVENTRICULUS
ESOPHAGUS
CARDIAC VALVE
STOMODEUM (FOREGUT)

17. Digestion and Nutrient Absorption
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestion and Nutrient Absorption
GASTRIC CAECAE
VENTRICULUS
PYLORIC SPHINCTER
PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE
MESENTERON (MIDGUT)

18. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
MIDGUT GASTRIC CAECAE PROVIDE SITES FOR SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA, PROTOZANS, AND OTHER ORGANISMS
GASTRIC CAECAE

19. PROCTODAEUM (HINDGUT)
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
MALPIGHIAN TUBULES
COLON
WATER RETENTION
and
WASTE ELIMINATION
ILEUM
RECTAL PADS
PROCTODAEUM (HINDGUT)

20. INSECT FECAL MATERIAL IS CALLED “FRASS”
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INSECT FECAL MATERIAL IS CALLED “FRASS”

21. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL HAS PRODUCED A DIVERSITY OF CONFIGURATIONS TO FACILITATE SPECIALIZED FEEDING AND DIGESTION REQUIREMENTS

22. INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
HINDGUT SYMBIONTS
TERMITE WORKER (ISOPTERA)
TERMITE HINDGUT
SPIROCHAETE
FLAGELLATE PROTOZOAN
SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA, PROTOZANS, AND OTHER MICRORGANISMS ASSIST IN DIGESTION AND CRITICAL NUTRIENT PRODUCTION

23. INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION

24. INSECT EXCRETORY SYSTEM
MALPHIGIAN TUBULES

25. INSECT EXCRETORY SYSTEM
LONG, SLENDER HINDGUT FILAMENTS WHICH FILTER WASTE PRODUCTS AND TOXINS FROM THE HAEMOLYMPH
MALPHIGIAN TUBULES

26. INSECT EXCRETORY SYSTEM
MALPHIGIAN TUBULES