1. Storing Grain to Reduce Insect Damage (Floyd Dowell, Planting Hope International)

2. Reducing insect damage means: more maize to eat and sell more nutritious maize so your animals gain more weight improves food security

3. We will learn a little about insects, and various storage methods.

4. I won’t recommend just one way to store grain, but I will discuss good, better, and best storage methods

5. Larger Grain Borer Maize Weevil

6. One weevil produces about 300 weevils in only 2 months! Adult Weevil Weevil Pupa

7. Today – 1 weevil

8. 2 months – 300 weevils

9. 4 months – up to 90,000 weevils from 1 weevil!!

10. Infested grain results in: Less grain weight – You can easily lose half of your grain to insects!

11. Seed Coat

12. Infested grain results in: Less grain weight. Less nutrition – It is less healthy for you!

13. Infested grain results in: Less grain weight. Less nutrition. Less sprouting of seeds – Infested seed won’t make a good crop next year!

14. Seed Coat

15. Infested grain results in: Less grain weight. Less nutrition. Less sprouting of seeds. Animals eat less infested grain, and gain less weight.

16. Infested grain results in: Less grain weight. Less nutrition. Less sprouting of seeds. Animals eat less infested grain, and gain less weight. Loss of the gift God gave us.

17. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Clean the area before storing to remove existing insects. Don’t feed the insects and rats!

18. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Clean the area before storing to remove existing insects. Treat the area with a pesticide before storing.

19. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Clean the area before storing to remove existing insects. Treat the area before storing with a pesticide. Mix chemical dust with the grain. Buy only sealed containers! Unsealed Actellic Sealed Shumba Much of this Actellic was missing!

20. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Clean the area before storing to remove existing insects. Treat the area before storing with a pesticide. Mix chemical dust with the grain. Fumigate in a closed storage room..

21. Types of Pesticides Chemical dusts (Actellic Super, Actellic Golden Dust, Shumba Super, Stocal Super, Spinosad) Chemical gas (Phostoxin, Methyl Bromide) Diatomacious earths (Protect-It, PyriSec, and DEA-P, Dryacide ) Always follow manufacturer instructions. Never purchase products that have been opened! You might be buying flour!

22. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Clean the area before storing to remove existing insects. Treat the area before storing with a pesticide. Mix chemical dust with the grain. Fumigate. Store in a oxygen-free and rat-proof container.

23. Metal storage barrels. Requires no chemicals when sealed correctly. Insects are controlled by suffocation. Rodent-proof. (Tanzania)

24. Plastic barrel prevent rats. Requires chemicals to control insects.

25. Oxygen free bags can be used to control insects without pesticides. BUT, must be protected against rats. Rats!

26. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Clean the area before storing to remove existing insects. Treat the area before storing with a pesticide. Mix chemical dust with the grain. Fumigate. Store in a oxygen-free and rat-proof container. Check your grain about every month and apply insect control as needed.

27. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Clean the area before storing to remove existing insects. Treat the area before storing with a pesticide. Mix chemical dust with the grain. Fumigate. Store in a oxygen-free container. Check your grain about every month and apply insect control as needed. Keep grain dry (store at <11%).

28. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Clean the area before storing to remove existing insects. Treat the area before storing with a pesticide. Mix chemical dust with the grain. Fumigate. Store in a oxygen-free and rat-proof container. Check your grain about every month and apply insect control as needed. Keep grain dry Store in a cool place

29. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Chemical control such as Shumba, Actellic, Malathion, or Phostoxin gas and/or Oxygen-free (barrels or plastic bags)

30. Storage Methods Nylon or jute bags + pesticides Oxygen-free bags Barrels (air tight) Barrels (not air tight) + pesticides Barrels (air tight) + pesticides Barrels (not air tight) + oxygen free bags + pesticides Good Better

31. Types of Storage Containers Rat proof containers with bags Oxygen fee bags 200 - 300 kg

32. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage - Review - If do these things “On Time” and at a “At a High Standard”, you can store your grain “Without Wasting “any! Clean the area before storing to remove existing insects. Treat the area before storing with a pesticide. Mix chemical dust with the grain. Fumigate. Store in a oxygen-free container. Check your grain about every month and apply insect control as needed. Keep grain dry Store in a cool place

33. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage My recommendation: – Get several clean barrels. – Fill with clean, dry grain mixed with Shumba or Actellic, preferably in a oxygen-free bag. – Treat with photoxin. – Seal the barrel as tightly as possible. – Store in a cool, dry place. – Check monthly and treat as needed. – If you do this, you should have NO insect damage!

34. Tips For Preventing Insect Damage Chemical control such as Shumba, Actellic, Malathion, or Phostoxin gas and/or Oxygen-free (barrels or plastic bags)

35. Dr. Floyd Dowell, Ph.D. Agricultural Engineer Planting Hope International 3310 Germann Drive Manhattan, KS 66503 785.776.8523 plantinghope@yahoo.com www.plantinghopeinternational.org