1. Classes Diplopoda & Chilopoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Myriapoda
Classes Diplopoda & Chilopoda
Subpylum Hexapoda
Class Insecta

2. Fig

3. Fig

4. Subphylum Myriapoda 1 pr antennae 1pr mandibles 2 or 1 pr maxillae
uniramous appendages

5. SP Myriapoda, Class Chilopoda
Fig. 20.1b
Centipedes

6. Scutigera coleoptrata

7. Cheliped Examples
Scolopendra castaneiceps

9. SP Myriapoda, Class Diplopoda
Fig. 20.2b

10. Millipedes 4 thoracic segments 25-100 abdominal segments
each has 1 pr legs
abdominal segments
each has 2 pr legs
Larval stages have 1pr legs/segment

11. Diplopod Examples

13. SP Hexapoda, Class Insecta
4 pr feeding appendages (mouthparts)
6 pr walking legs
2 pr flight appendages
2pr wings
1pr wings + 1pr halteres
1pr elytra + 1pr wings
No appendages on abdomen
Tagmata:
Head – 5-7 segments
Thorax – 3 segments
Abdomen – 8-11 segments

14. Class Insecta
Fig. 20.4a

15. Tagmata
Fig. 20.8

16. Segmentation

17. Insect Anatomy
Fig

18. Head Appendages compound eye antenna ocelli mandible maxillary palp
labrum
maxilla
labium
labial palp

19. Famous Mouth Parts
Fig

20. Insect Respiratory System
Fig. 20.Fig. 20b

21. Excretory System – Malpighian Tubules
Insects excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid (urate)
Solid uric acid is formed in the rectum by the removal of H2O
Fig

22. Holometabolous Insects
Fig a
Tobacco horn worm Larva of sphinx moth

23. Holometabolous Development
1-4 instars
Lepidopteran Lifecycle
Fig

24. Holometabolous Development
Dipteran larvae

25. Bot Fly Lifecycles

26. Coleopteran – Grub Larvae

27. Boll Weevil

28. Beneficial Coleopterans
Aphid parasites
1st instar
3rd instar
pupa
Adult
Ladybird Beetle Life Stages

29. Hemimetabolous Development
hemipteran
Larvae
Fig
orthopteran
odonatan

30. Beneficial Insects
Fig
Ichneumon wasps lay eggs in body of beetle & lepidopteran larvae – many of which are plant pests
The wasp larvae feed on the host, killing it in the process

31. Insect Behavior
Hymenopterans & Isopterans often show complex social behavior
Termite colonies
Ant colonies
Bee hives
Hornets & wasps
All have unique genetic/environmental sex determination mechanisms

32. Social Insects
Fig c

33. Arthropod Evolution MUTATIONS IN
REGULATORY GENES CAN GIVE THE PROTEINS NEW
PROPERTIES: UBX
ACQUIRES THE ABILITY to REPRESS
DISTAL-LESS in the
INSECT CLADE
R. Galant and S. B. Carroll,
2002. Nature 415:910.
Ronschaugen, M. et al.
2002. Nature 415: 914. .

34. Mutation of the ultrabithorax gene
Arthropod Evolution
Mutation of the ultrabithorax gene

35. Arthropod & Chordate EvoDevo

36. Arthropod Evolution
Paleozoic insect fossils – show ties to crustacean morphology
Wing primordia arose from thoracic gills
3 pr of Biramous appendages
Fig

37. Present Mayfly Nymph
Fig a