2. TREE ANATOMY

3. TREE CUT-AWAY

4. WARPS IN LUMBER

5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS  A reaction of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.  Light is absorbed by chlorophyll, the green pigment present in leaves.  This creates energy for the tree.  The by-product off this reaction is oxygen.

6. DIVISIONS OF TREES Coniferous Trees  Softwood  Bears needles  Evergreens  Bears cones to reproduce Deciduous Trees  Hardwood  Bears leaves  Lose their leaves in winter  Bears fruits and nuts to reproduce

7. CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD) Lodgepole Pine  Pale-yellow sapwood is soft.  Heartwood is deep yellow to reddish- brown.  Resinous.

8. CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD) White Pine  Straight grain.  Pale-yellow to pale-brown in colour.  Fine resin-duct marks.

9. CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD) Douglas Fir  One of the strongest softwoods.  Straight grain.  Reddish-brown timber.  Pronounced grain.

10. CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD) Yellow Spruce  Non-resinous.  Creamy-white wood.  Slightly pink heartwood.

11. CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD) Western Red Cedar  Soft aromatic timber.  Reddish-brown in colour.  Resistant to mildew and rotting.

12. CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD) Yellow Cedar  Pale-yellow even textured wood.  Fine straight grain.

13. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HARDWOODS  Ring-porous: clearly defined pores along the growth ring, usually two to three high.  Diffuse-porous: have pores distributed relatively evenly throughout the growth ring.

14. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Red Oak  Ring-porous.  Straight grained.  Pinkish-red in colour.  $4.50 per bdft.

15. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) White Oak  Ring-porous.  Straight grained.  Medium coarse texture.  Whiter wood than red oak.  $6.50 per bdft.

16. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) White Ash  Ring-porous.  Course but generally straight grained wood.  White sapwood.  Pale-brown heartwood.  $5.50 per bdft.

17. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Red Alder  Diffuse-porous.  One of the softest hardwoods.  Can dent with finger nail.  Pale-yellow to reddish-brown colour.  $3.75 per bdft.

18. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Western Maple  Diffuse-porous.  Softer hardwood.  Straight grain.  Light creamy- brown colour.  $3.50 per bdft.

19. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Eastern Rock Maple  Diffuse-porous.  Very hard & heavy hardwood.  White sapwood.  Straight grain.  $6.50 per bdft.

20. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Bird’s Eye Maple  Diffuse-porous.  Very hard & heavy hardwood.  White sapwood.  Has a lot of eyes all over the wood.  $11.50 per bdft.

21. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) White Birch  Diffuse-porous  Fine straight grained wood.  Creamy-white sapwood.  Pale-brown heartwood.  $4.75 per bdft.

22. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) American Black Cherry  Diffuse-porous  Hard straight grained wood.  Heartwood is reddish- brown to deep red.  Brown flecks and some gum pockets.  Looks similar to Western Maple.  $5.75 per bdft.

23. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Black Walnut  Diffuse-porous.  Softer hardwood.  Usually straight grained, but can be wavy.  Rich dark brown to purplish-black.  $6.50 per bdft.

24. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Philippine Mahogany  Diffuse-porous.  Very open grained wood.  Rough texture.  Light brown colour.  $6.75 per bdft.

25. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Honduras Mahogany  Diffuse-porous.  Medium textured wood.  Straight grained.  Heartwood is reddish- brown to deep red colour.  $9.65 per bdft.

26. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Purpleheart  Diffuse-porous.  Uniform fine to medium texture wood.  Grain direction changes without warning.  Very hard.  Attractive purple colour.  $7.50 per bdft.

27. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Orange Padauk  Diffuse-porous.  Very hard and heavy wood.  Rich red to purple- brown colour with red streaks.  $10.75 per bdft.

28. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Bubinga  Diffuse-porous.  Straight or interlocked and irregular grain.  Red-brown in colour, with purple veining.  $12.75 per bdft.

29. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Wenge  Diffuse-porous.  Very coarse textured wood.  Light brown with dark purple veins.  Very hard and heavy hardwood.  $14.75 per bdft.

30. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Zebrawood  Diffuse-porous.  Coarse textured wood.  White wood with dark brown vein lines.  Grain direction changes without warning.  $17.50 per bdft.

31. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Cocobolo  Diffuse-porous.  Hard, heavy, tough wood with irregular grain.  Attractive colour, with purple to yellow, with black markings.  $22.75 per bdft.

32. DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD) Ebony  Diffuse-porous.  Hard, dense, and heavy wood.  Fine even texture.  Straight, irregular or wavy grain.  Dark brown to black colour.  $92.00 per bdft.

33. MAN-MADE BOARDS

34. PLYWOOD BOARDS  Decorative plywood.  Three-ply board.  Multi-ply.  Hardwood plywood.  Fir core plywood.

35. PARTICLE BOARDS  Single-layer chipboard.  Three-layer chipboard.  Melamine chipboard.  Oriented-strand board.  Flakeboard.

36. FIBREBOARDS  High-density (HM) board.  Low-density (LM) board.  Medium-density fibreboard (MDF).  Oak-veneered MDF board.  Standard hardboard.  Tempered hardboard.  Embossed hardboard.  Decorative-faced hardboard.  Perforated hardboard.

37. HARDWOOD PLYWOOD VS. SOLID HARDWOOD PRO’S  Does not warp like solid lumber will.  Cut the size you want. No need to glue up panels.  Cheaper than solid woods.  Uses less trees to make hardwood plywood, than using solid lumber. CON’S  Have to glue solid lumber on the end grain to hide the core of the plywood.  Exceptable to dents and scratches, exposing the core of the plywood.  Appearance not as nice as solid lumber.

38. THE END!