1. Unit 6 Review & Continuation
This review will help you remember what you learned about the Middle East, Southwest Asia and Egypt.
It will cover the region, the countries, and the major landforms.
It will also review the major religions, historical & current events.
If time permits, it will introduce new material.

2. North/South Hemispheres
Northern
Hemisphere
Equator
Southern
Hemisphere

3. East/West Hemispheres
Western
Hemisphere
Eastern
Hemisphere
Prime Meridian

4. What region are we studying?
Middle East, Southwest Asia and Egypt
What region are we studying?

5. Countries 16 15 14 1 2 13 3 12 4 11 10 5 6 9 8 7 The countries are….
Iraq 15
Syria
Afghanistan 14
Turkey 1 2
Lebanon 13
Iran
Countries 3
Israel 12
Kuwait 4
Jordan
Bahrain 11 10
Egypt 5
Qatar 6
Saudi Arabia 9 8
United Arab Emirates
Oman 7
Yemen

6. The waterways are… 1 14 15 13 2 12 3 11 10 4 5 9 6 8 7 Euphrates River
Black Sea 1 14
Caspian Sea 15
Tigris River 13
Mediterranean
Sea 2
Shat al Arab 12 3
Dead Sea 11
Persian Gulf
Strait of Hormuz 10 4
Gulf of Suez
Nile River 5
Gulf of Oman 9
Red Sea 6
Arabian Sea
Gulf of Aden 8 7

7. Middle East Map

8. Sahara facts: “Sahara” means “desert” 2nd largest desert in the world
Hottest desert in the world
Almost same size as continental U.S.
25% is covered with sand

9. Sahara Map: Satellite The Sahara Answer these questions…
What is “desertification”?
What is an “oasis”?
What is a “wadi”?

10. Arabian Desert Zagros Mountains What mountains? What desert?
Rub al Khali
. .

11. The Persian Gulf
What strait is this?
Strait of Hormuz .

12. U.A.E.
United Arab Emirates

13. Qatar & Bahrain: Satellite
. .

14. Kuwait

15. Sinai: Satellite

16. The Dead Sea 2nd Saltiest body of water 1300’ below sea level
Jordan River
Dead Sea: Satellite
The Dead Sea
2nd Saltiest body of water
1300’ below sea level
Fed by Jordan River
Part of Great Rift Valley

17. Black Sea: Satellite
The Black Sea

18. Caspian Sea

19. Bosporus Strait
Istanbul, Turkey .

20. Turkey: Satellite The Taurus Mountains!! What are these mountains?
. . .

21. Turkey Snow: Satellite

22. Marmara: Satellite Black Sea What sea? One more chance…
What’s this strait?
Dardanelles
Bosporus Strait
Alright…for a “Smartie”:
What strait is this?
Sea of Marmara
Okay…what sea?
Aegean Sea
What sea?

23. Mt. Ararat & Little Ararat
Mount Ararat
Little Ararat

24. Sinai & Near East Satellite
Can you name these places….?
Sinai & Near East Satellite
Mediterranean Sea 1 7
Dead Sea
Suez Canal 6
Gulf of Suez
Nile River 2 5 4
Gulf of Aqaba
Red Sea 3

25. Nile: Satellite
The Nile River….lifeblood of Egypt .

26. Blue & White Nile: Map .

27. Muslim Distribution

28. Oases Small Oasis: 400 yards by 1 mile.
Large Oasis: 12 miles by 50 miles!

29. Wadi
Wadi: A dry, riverbed that fills after rain.

30. Aral Sea
The
Aral Sea

31. The death of a sea… ….once the 4th largest lake in the world in 1957…
Aral Sea (Lake)
….once the 4th largest lake in the world in 1957…

32. The Aral Sea…why is it dying?
1982
Biological weapons facility.
2003

33. Dead Sea Salt

34. Desertification is… Turning productive land into unproductive land.
Caused by…
- Overgrazing of livestock
- Excessive cultivation of crops
- Poor water management
- Overpopulation
Examples:
The “Dust Bowl” in the U.S. during the 1930’s
The Aral Sea
Rural China

35. The U.S. Great Plains during the 1930’s…
The Dust Bowl

36. Aswan High Dam 3

37. Aswan High Dam 2

38. Aswan & Egypt Map

39. Aswan High Dam: The Good & the Bad
Pros:
Hydroelectric power (15% of Egyptian needs)
Prevents floods (floods occurred every year)
Provide water for agriculture
Cons:
Reduced water flow = more salt in river
Nutrients stopped at the dam
Poor soil along the lower Nile = more fertilizers = contamination
Poor fishing in the Mediterranean
Cairo

40. End of Part I

41. Ancient Egypt
One of the great civilizations and one of the 5 “cultural hearths”.
Recorded history from 5000 BC
Home of the Great Pyramids & the Sphinx

42. Map of Ancient Egypt & the Nile2 1
The Nile 4 3

43. What were the rulers of Egypt called?
Pharaohs
Pharaoh is Greek for “great house” which meant
the temple and the ruler inside.

44. The Pharaohs: More than 170 rulers of Egypt for over 3000 years.
Amenhotep III: Ruled for 39 years (died at age 50).
Akhenaten: Son of Amenhotep III. Told his people only he would talk to God. Kicked out the priests.
King Tut: The boy king and son of Akhenaten. Became pharaoh at age 8 or 9. Died at 18 or 19. Married with 2 still-born children.
Cleopatra: The last Pharaoh: she was the famous Queen that loved a Roman General: Mark Antony (he killed himself when he heard (falsely) that Cleopatra was dead. Cleopatra then killed herself by a snake bite).
Khufu: (Cheops) Built the biggest pyramid.
Ramses II: The warrior-king. Became pharaoh at age 20 and ruled for 67 years.

45. King Tut’s death mask

46. King Tut’s coffin….solid gold.

47. King Tut wrapped up

48. King Tut unwrapped

49. Pyramids
King Tut’s chair….covered with gold. Shows a picture of him and his wife.

50. The Great Pyramid of Cheops
Cheops Pyramid 1

51. Cheops 2 • Built for Cheops…ruler of Egypt in 2500 B.C. (Ruled
for only 23 years)
• 480 feet high
• 6.8 million tons of
limestone (2 million blocks)
• Originally flat with white sides!
• Built by skilled workers
as part of their “taxes”
• Construction took 80 years
• Each side faces a cardinal
direction (North, South, etc.)

52. Sphinx & Pyramid 1

53. Sphinx & Pyramid 2 Egyptians believed the sphinx guarded
the temple gates and the “underworld”.

54. Sphinx & Pyramid 3

55. AbuSimbel 1
Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel

56. Temple of Hathor
Temple of Hathor at Abu Simbel

57. The Nile Which direction does it flow? …to the north.
Why was it important to the ancient Egyptians?
Earliest gathering place of nomads.
2. Source of fresh water for all their basic needs.
3. Source of “alluvial soil” for their crops.
Trivia: What was a “nilometer”?
A device to measure water flow on the Nile.

58. Two Nilometers used in ancient Egypt

59. Cairo & Nile 1
The Nile runs through Cairo

60. Cairo & Nile 2

61. Cairo & Nile 3

62. Cairo & hajib
Cairo street with
Muslim woman
wearing a “hajib”.

63. Luxor Avenue
Avenue to temple lined with Ramses II and an obelisk.

64. Ramses II

65. More Luxor ruins
More ruins at Luxor

66. Luxor again
They worshipped snakes!
Egypt

67. Colossi at Hemnon The Collosi of Memnon
• Stood in front of an ancient Egyptian temple

68. Ruins at Luxor Buildings at Luxor Notice the hieroglypics
These ancient Egyptian
hieroglyphics couldn’t
be read prior to the early
1800’s!
The sun god: Ra
hiero

69. …in a pyramid! Where did they find King Tut?
There are more than 100 pyramids in Egypt…
….but only a few are famous.
Pyramids

70. Step Pyramid 1 Step Pyramid 1 The “Step” pyramid was
the first of all the pyramids.
Step Pyramid 1
Step Pyramid 1
What does it remind you of?
The Aztecs:
Temple of the Moon
…In Mexico!! P

71. Maidum Pyramid 2 Maidum Pyramid 2
Pyramids
The Maidum pyramid was the 2nd pyramid built. This picture only shows a portion since the bottom is covered with tons of sand.

72. Bent Pyramid 3 Bent Pyramid 3
Pyramids
The “Bent” Pyramid was the 3rd pyramid built.

73. Red Pyramid 4 Red Pyramid 4
The 1st “true” pyramid is the “Red” Pyramid.
The pyramid was made of red limestone.
Egyptologists have found the names of the work gangs on some of the stones.
Pyramids

74. Giza Pyramids 5
Pyramids

75. Hieroglyphics Spider pig, spider pig, Does whatever a Spider pig does.
The following was found on the walls of the
tomb of Pharaoh Homeratu, near the
ancient city: Field of the Springs:
Spider pig, spider pig,
Does whatever a
does whatever a
Spider pig does.
spider pig does.

76. Okay…how did they figure out what all those pictures were?

77. The Rosetta Stone Written in 196 B.C. Written in three languages.
Written by the priests to
honor the pharaoh and to
proclaim all the good
things he had done
Found in 1799 by the
French while building a
fort.
Translated, primarily, by
a French scholar that
could read Greek & Coptic
Now it can be seen in the
British museum.
The Rosetta Stone

78. Hieroglypics (Language of the religion) Demotic (Common language)
Rosetta Stone 2
Demotic
(Common language)
Greek
(Language of the
Rulers)

79. How to read hieroglyphics:
Hieroglyphics are pictures that equal sounds.
It is phonetic…no unnecessary letters!
It uses almost NO vowels.
Combine pictures to make words.
Water = W T R = W T R

80. Now it’s your turn!