1. When does American History Start?

2. When do you think American History Began?? You will need to construct an opinion of when you think American History began Post it note Include Who you think is responsible for the discovery, Why you think they are, How did you come to this conclusion, What happened that provides them the credit? etc. When did this occur?

3. When does American History Start? Agree or Disagree When people came across the land bridge during the Ice Age 10,000 years ago? When Christopher Columbus came in 1492? When Jamestown was settled in 1607? When the Declaration of Independence was written 1776? When the American Revolutionary War was over 1782?

4. Based on Perspective:

5. For our Purposes Pre-Columbus Perspective: Europeans did not bring civilization to the Americas it was already here Therefore, American History begins prior to European Arrival

6. How did the first nations get here???? First Theory Migrated from Asia across the land bridge during the Ice Age 10,000 years ago Land bridge was 1000’s of miles wide connecting Siberia to Alaska Second Theory Water may have dropped so much between Alaska/British Columbia and Siberia prior to the Ice Age that people could have walked across

7. It’s all about perspective Turn to page 20-21

8. Terms: What is the difference between Migrate and Immigrate? Migrate=Movement of a large number of people into a certain area/homeland Immigrate= the act of moving or settling into a different country or region temporarily or for good

9. Brief history of the development of civilizations From Nomads to Empires

10. 1.Nomadic People Many waves Followed food source Originate in Southeast Asia and Siberia

11. 1 st wave Nomads followed mammoths, horses, giant sloths, and woolly rhinoceroses.mammothshorses giant slothswoolly rhinoceroses The Clovis culture would be a manifestation of that migration, and the Folsom culture, based on the hunting of bison, would have developed from it.Clovis cultureFolsom culturebison spread over the entire hemisphere, reached the New World no later than 11,000 years ago.

12. 2 nd wave ancestors of the Na-DeneNa-Dene Alaska and western Canada AlaskaCanada migrated as far south as the Pacific Northwestern U.S.U.S. and the American SouthwestAmerican Southwest ancestral to the Dene,Dene ApachesApaches and Navajos.Navajos believed to have come 6,000 to 8,000 years ago.

13. 3 rd wave ancestors of the Eskimos and the Aleuts.Eskimos Aleuts may have come by sea over the Bering Strait, after the land bridge had disappeared. believed to have reached Alaska as early as 3,000 years ago.Alaska

14. How did they evolve into more sophistic civilizations? Climate/landscape/adaption to land Ice Age ends 10,000 years ago After generations of nomadic tribes are located all over North, Central and South America Focus less on animals as only food source and begin to gather plants 2.Change from NOMADIC to HUNTER and GATHERERS

15. 2.HUNTERS and GATHERERS Gender division of Labor Begin to understand the plants and begin to garden HUNTERS and GATHERERS advance into HORTICULTURAL – means gardeners

16. 3.HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES Gender Division of Labor Hunt Garden Permanent Villages HORTICULTURAL then advance into AGRICULTURAL societies

17. 4.Agricultural societies lends to culture centers Farming allowed people to spend more time on other activities 5. Which then led to new cultural centers based on common beliefs, customs, values, activities, etc

18. So, based off what we know.. What civilizations were in North America prior to European arrival? Why are they important part of US history? How did they disappear? How did they influence the future of America?

19. In-class task: (30 mins.) Read through Chapter 1: Section 3. For each civilization record the following Hohokam, Anasazi, Mound Builders, Cahokia, Peoples of the North, Peoples of the West, Peoples of the Southwest, Peoples of the Plains, Peoples of the East and Southeast. Where did they live? What did they accomplish? Why do you think they disappeared? How were they considered to be a civilization? Draw a picture representing this civilization

20. Resources R. David Edmunds, University of Texas-Dallas Wikipedia www.solarviews.com/ raw/earth/america.jpg radio.boisestate.edu/.../ mammoth/journey.html www.animationfactory.com http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/maps/map_images/ turkey_mesopotamia.gif http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/maps/map_images/ turkey_mesopotamia.gif http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cfford/Induscivilizationmap.jpg library.thinkquest.org/ 11922/extinct/mammoth.htm www.csulb.edu/.../nae/ chapter_1/001_002_1.05.jpg www.az.com/~katrinat/ island/aleut3a.j ace.acadiau.ca/.../ website%20images/Dene.1.jpg www.omaha.lib.ne.us/.../ http://www.indianer-feder.de/navaho.jpg http://www.freemaninstitute.com/Gallery/ancientEgyptMap_copy.gif http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sultan/images/expl_map_l.jpg