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Apparent over-winter survival of juvenile coho in three tributaries to the lower Columbia River Trevor Johnson, Mara Zimmerman, Matthew Sturza, Patrick Hanratty Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Fish Ecology Life Cycle Monitoring Unit PIT Tag Workshop, Stevenson, Washington January 27-29, 2015
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Acknowledgements Intensively Monitored Watershed Committee Joseph H. Anderson - WDFW Eric Beamer – SRSC Robert E. Bilby – Weyco William J. Ehinger – WA ECY Correigh Greene – NOAA Kirk Krueger – WDFW Mike McHenry – LEKT Timothy Quinn – WDFW Phil Roni – NOAA Collaboration and Funding Jason Walter & crew – Weyco Abernathy Fish Technology Center (USFWS) Jamie Lamperth – GIS Salmon Recovery Funding Board (funding) WDFW Data Collection Brad Allen Samantha Coty Kelly Kiyohara Nathan Miller Steve Wolthausen
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Intensively Monitored Watershed (IMW) program in western Washington (Bilby et al. 2005) Four complexes (3 stream, 1 estuary) with paired reference and treatment watersheds Baseline monitoring began in 2005 (pre- restoration) Goal is to document and explain fish responses to restoration.
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Small streams Stay cool through summer Low gradient Active logging in headwaters of all 3 watersheds Mill, Abernathy and Germany Creeks Tributaries to Columbia River
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Apparent Overwinter Survival Spring smolt estimate Summer Parr estimate
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Focus on juvenile coho salmon apparent overwinter survival and movement Compare apparent overwinter survival among watersheds Identify factors contributing to apparent overwinter survival – Population level (parr density) – Individual level (summer fork length, summer location) Compare fall versus spring movement
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Focus on juvenile coho salmon apparent overwinter survival and movement Compare apparent overwinter survival among watersheds Identify factors contributing to apparent overwinter survival – Population level (parr density) – Individual level (summer fork length, summer location) Compare fall versus spring movement
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Apparent overwinter survival methods Petersen mark-recapture estimator for both estimates Smolt estimate (spring) Parr estimate (summer) Apparent overwinter survival = spring smolt estimate/summer parr estimate
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Apparent overwinter survival among watersheds
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Focus on juvenile coho salmon apparent overwinter survival and movement Compare apparent overwinter survival among watersheds Identify factors contributing to apparent overwinter survival – Population level (parr density) – Individual level (summer fork length, summer location) Compare fall versus spring movement
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Density dependence in apparent overwinter survival
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Focus on juvenile coho salmon apparent overwinter survival and movement Compare apparent overwinter survival among watersheds Identify factors contributing to apparent overwinter survival – Population level (parr density) – Individual level (summer fork length, summer location) Compare fall versus spring movement
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What factors contribute to apparent overwinter survival? (AIC model selection) H A : Survival & detection probability differ among years H A : Survival & detection probability differ among watersheds H A : Survival depends on fish length. H A : Survival depends on summer rearing distance from the estuary H A : Relationship of length to survival differs among watersheds H A : Relationship between rearing location and survival differs among watersheds. Detections(Y/N) ~ Year + Watershed + Fork Length + Distance + Watershed*Fork Length + Watershed*Distance
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Detections(Y/N) ~ Year + Watershed + Fork Length + Distance + Watershed*Fork Length + Watershed*Distance H A : Survival & detection probability differ among years H A : Survival & detection probability differ among watersheds H A : Survival depends on fish length. H A : Survival depends on summer rearing distance from the estuary H A : Relationship of length to survival differs among watersheds H A : Relationship between rearing location and survival differs among watersheds. What factors contribute to apparent overwinter survival? (AIC model selection)
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Summer fork length and apparent overwinter survival 300% 125%500%
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Detections(Y/N) ~ Year + Watershed + Fork Length + Distance + Watershed*Fork Length + Watershed*Distance H A : Survival & detection probability differ among years H A : Survival & detection probability differ among watersheds H A : Survival depends on fish length. H A : Survival depends on summer rearing distance from the creek mouth H A : Relationship of length to survival differs among watersheds H A : Relationship between rearing location and survival differs among watersheds. What factors contribute to apparent overwinter survival? (AIC model selection)
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Summer rearing location and apparent overwinter survival 75% 30%400%
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The smaller the creek the higher the survival Tagging sites from lowest to highest in watershed Main stem sites Tributary sites
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Focus on juvenile coho salmon apparent overwinter survival and movement Compare apparent overwinter survival among watersheds Identify factors contributing to apparent overwinter survival – Population level (parr density) – Individual level (summer fork length, summer location) Compare fall versus spring movement
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Could fall migration contribute to apparent overwinter survival in Abernathy Creek? Year round Spring
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Fall versus spring movement at Abernathy Creek array (rkm 3) Tagging FallSpring
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Which direction are juvenile coho moving in the fall?
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Factors contributing to spring versus fall downstream movement in Abernathy Creek Larger fish were more likely to be detected Spring movers more likely to be detected coming from Higher in the watershed and Tributaries Fall movers more likely to be detected coming from Lower main stem
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Summary Apparent overwinter survival is a combined measure of survival and fish overwintering in their natal tributary Larger fish survive better than smaller fish (fall & spring migrants) Fall migrants come from lower in the watershed and spring migrants come from headwaters & tributaries
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Discussion Fall coho movement also reported on Strait of Juan De Fuca IMW Longer fish (summer) have higher survival Further distance from estuary and smaller streams have higher survival
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Discussion continued What happens to fall migrants? Implications for restoration activities – Summer growth (structural complexity?) – Overwinter habitat (tributaries)
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Extra slides
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Annual tagging effort in each watershed
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