1. Downloaded from www.avhf.com TAMPA, FLORIDA Flight Standards District Office (813) 639-1540 HOURS: 8:00 - 4:30 Weekdays (except Federal holidays) Charles V. Nolan Manager

2. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SPATIAL DISORIENTATION Buz Massengale Safety Program Manager Tampa, FL FSDO

3. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THREE SENSORY SYSTEMS H VISION H VESTIBULAR SYSTEM H SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM

4. Downloaded from www.avhf.com LEARNING TO FLY USE BASIC ORIENTATIONUSE BASIC ORIENTATION USE ALL AVAILABLE SENSESUSE ALL AVAILABLE SENSES OUTSIDE REFERENCESOUTSIDE REFERENCES INSTRUMENT REFERENCESINSTRUMENT REFERENCES

5. Downloaded from www.avhf.com VISION 90% of orientation90% of orientation Most reliable senseMost reliable sense Instrument/visual flight elementsInstrument/visual flight elements –SCAN!!! –Interpretation –Aircraft control Even reliable vision can be fooledEven reliable vision can be fooled “Optical illusions”“Optical illusions”

6. Downloaded from www.avhf.com CAN YOU READ THIS?

7. Downloaded from www.avhf.com WHICH LINE IS LONGER?

8. Downloaded from www.avhf.com DO YOU SEE THE GRAY?

9. Downloaded from www.avhf.com WHAT DO YOU SEE?

10. Downloaded from www.avhf.com WHAT DO YOU SEE?

11. Downloaded from www.avhf.com HOW OLD IS SHE?

12. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THE DANCING ELEPHANT

13. Downloaded from www.avhf.com AVIATION-RELATED VISUAL ILLUSIONS *Featureless terrain *False horizons *Ground lighting *Autokinesis *Runway width illusion *Runway slope illusion

14. Downloaded from www.avhf.com AVIATION-RELATED VISUAL ILLUSIONS *Terrain elevation *Atmospheric illusions *Rotorwash drift (helicopters) *Waterfall (helicopters) *Brown/Whiteout (helicopters)

15. Downloaded from www.avhf.com VESTIBULAR APPARATUS  Second method of position determination  Supports vision  Very strong in absence of vision  Detect angular accelerations (turns)  Detect linear acceleration & gravity  Two systems, located in middle ear

16. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

17. Downloaded from www.avhf.com OTOLITH ORGANS

18. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM “Seat of the Pants”“Seat of the Pants” Aids vision and vestibular systemsAids vision and vestibular systems Tactile pressure receptorsTactile pressure receptors Binaural hearingBinaural hearing

19. Downloaded from www.avhf.com TAKE A BREAK

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21. SPATIAL DISORIENTATION *Humans not flight adapted *Vestibular/somatosensory backs up vision *Disorientation Inability to determine positionInability to determine position Confusion about positionConfusion about position

22. Downloaded from www.avhf.com FOOLING OUR SENSES *Sickness *Drunk *Unfamiliar environment *Simulators

23. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SENSORY ILLUSIONS *Sub-threshold acceleration *Straight & Level *The “Leans” *Coriolis Illusion *Somatogravic Illusion *Elevator Illusion

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25. SURVIVING SPATIAL DISORIENTATION  RELY ON VISION  PRACTICE INSTRUMENT FLIGHT  OUTSIDE REFERENCE IF POSSIBLE  INSTRUMENTS IF NECESSARY H SCAN H INTERPRET H CONTROL

26. Downloaded from www.avhf.com ? QUESTIONS?

27. Thanks for coming... Fly Safely Drive Safely

28. Downloaded from www.avhf.com TAMPA FSDO HOME PAGE WWW.FAA.GOV/FSDO/TPA