1. 1 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands March 8 th 2006, Carla Speel

2. 2 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands Content of presentation: Land use planning in the Netherlands in general Land use planning and pipelines in the Netherlands Pipelines and existing policies Pipelines and new risk distances Consequences and measures

3. 3 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands Spatial planning in the Netherlands in general All authorities: responsible for spatial planning City councils: Zoning plans Use of land (residential area, industry, recreation, business district, catering industry) Interests of several parties laid down in zoning plan Three components (explanation/ map/ regulations) Review every 10 year Modifications: permission of higher authority required Objection and appeal possible

4. 4 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

5. 5 Spatial planning in the Netherlands in general Netherlands: densely populated country High pressure on land use/ utilize every inch of space Therefore: Spatial planning is very important and complex External safety: probabilistic (risk) approach Balance between LUP and external safety Location-based risk and societal risk

6. 6 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands Pipelines in the Netherlands Red: gas, 60 bar Blue: gas, 40 bar Green: oil Yellow: chemicals

7. 7 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands Spatial planning of pipelines in the Netherlands 1985: Structure plan for pipelines in the Netherlands Long term planning for reservation of future continuous networklanes for pipelines: national net Every lane may contain several main transport pipelines Lanes should be implemented in regional and local zoning plans Conclusion after 20 years: The implementation has taken place inadequately Consequence: insufficient reservation for pipelines in local plans

8. 8 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

9. 9 Pipelines and existing policies 1984: regulation for gaspipelines Purpose: Zoning between dangerous gaspipelines and residential areas in case of: Construction of new pipelines Building of new residential areas in the vicinity of existing pipelines Safety distances are based on risk assessment Location-based risk

10. 10 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands Minimum distance to residential areas (meters) diameter20-50 bar50-80-bar80-110 bar 2”455 6”457 12”141720 16”20 25 18”--2025 36”--3545 48”--5060

11. 11 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands Recently: new study at safety distances Improved calculation-models for risk assessment New information on frequency of pipeline ruptures and their effects Conclusion: new safety distances appear in many cases larger than “old” distances from regulation for gaspipelines Wall thickness and depth of cover are the qualifying circumstances Solution: measures at pipelines will reduce new distance Consultations between pipeline operators and local authorities

12. 12 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands 10 -6 Old risk distance New risk distance gaspipeline

13. 13 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands Control measures: Camera supervision More frequently helicopter survey New legislation to prevent accidents from external interference (digging activities by third parties) Technical measures: Enlarge covering above pipeline (raising soil above pipeline) Cover pipeline with concrete plate Ultimate measure: Move of pipeline

14. 14 Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands Conclusions: It is a complex matter to combine all essential interests in land use planning: aim at balance Risk approach: Acknowledgement of interests of all activities Attempts to combine all interests in LUP Good communication with local authorities is important