1. The Will of God in Massachusetts I. Apples and Oranges: New England and the Chesapeake II. English Calvinism III. The Puritan Community: the “Visible Saints” IV. The Tension Within Terms: Calvinism “Election” Visible Saints “Modell of Christian Charity John Winthrop

2. Themes: 1) The Puritans believed themselves always subject to the unalterable and foreordained will of God. 2) This gave them their sense of community and their arrogance. It was also the cause of their deepest insecurities. 3) This has had a long-term effect on American religion.

3. English Calvinism

4. John (Jean) Calvin, 1509-1564

6. T.U.L.I.P.

7. Geneva Bible, 1560 (first printed in England 1575)

8. King James Bible, 1611

9. Puritans at Work

10. John Donne, 1572-1631

11. The Puritan Community:Settlement

12. Puritan Migration

13. John Winthrop, 1587/8 – 1649 Governor of Massachusetts 13 times

14. The Puritans’ Arrival

15. Main Towns of New England, ca. 1650

18. The Puritan Community: Maintaining the “City On a Hill”

19. Harvard, 1636

20. John Harvard, 1607-1638

21. Bay Psalm Book, first book published in North America, 1640

22. Bay Psalm Book

23. “Old Ship” Meeting House, Hingham, MA, 1681

26. The Sermon: The Most Common Form of Puritan Intellectual Activity

27. Portrait of Increase Mather (1639-1723) Pastor, North Church and President of Harvard

28. Richard Mather, 1596-1669 Arrived in Boston, 1635. Minister in Dorchester until his death.

29. Cotton Mather, 1663-1728

30. The Will of God and the Indians

31. The Puritans’ Arrival: They Landed in a Place Depleted by Disease

32. Seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

33. Indian village surrounded by a stockade.

34. Pequot Massacre, 1637

35. Massacre of the Pequots at Mystic, May 26, 1637. Only 14 out of 600-700 survived.

37. The Failure of the Puritan Community I. The Consciousness of Sin - The Spiritual Journal of John Barnard (1654-1732) II. The Impossibility of a City on a Hill 1) The Presence of Sin: The True and False Principles of Trade (1639) 2) Compromises with the World: a) The Halfway Covenant b) Sumptuary Laws III. Land, Class and Community

38. Terms: John Barnard Sumptuary Laws “Spiritual Milk for American Babes” (1646) True & False Principles of Trade (1639) Halfway Covenant (1662)

39. Themes: 1) Puritans lived with tremendous inner tension. The consciousness of sin always battled with the aspiration toward grace. 2) Their perfect community was doomed to failure. Human imperfections and growing social tensions made it impossible to sustain.

40. The Tension Within

41. John Cotton, Spiritual Milk for American Babes (1646) reflects the inner anxieties of Puritanism

42. John Cotton, 1585- 1652

43. The Spiritual Journal of John Barnard

44. Cotton Mather, 1663-1728

45. His worthiness to receive the Lord’s Supper was a prime concern of Cotton Mather’s parishioner John Barnard (1654- 1732)

46. The Impossibility of Puritan Community

47. "forced worship stinks in God's nostrils“ – Roger Williams. Williams arrived in Massachusetts in 1631 and was in exile in Rhode Island by 1636

48. True & False Principles

49. Solomon Stoddard’s House, Northampton Stoddard was a major supporter of the Halfway Covenant

50. Sumptuary Laws Attempted to Control How Puritans Dressed

51. Community and Land Within a few generations competition for land undermined the early sense of community.

53. The Savage Family, a 1779 painting by the New England painter Edward Savage