1. Plant Physiology z “physis” ynature of y(ultimate reasons …) z physical & chemical basis for functions z -------------------------- z structure – form yanatomy and morphology

2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Bio 340 2011 zLecture 75% yExam I -> 1/5 yExam II -> 1/5 yFinal -> 2/5 yLect. Qu.’s -> 1/5 y--> % yEvery part is converted to a % score z Lab 25% yBattery of 12 Labs -> 48 pts xStudent Journal yIndependent Research Project -> 22 pts xJournal Form: Intro, M & M, Results, Sum & Conclusions, Lit. Cited yLab Quizzes -> 40 pts yTOTAL PTS -> 110 -> _%

3. Lab Journal zFor Each Investigation: yPurpose: xa statement of the main objective of the activity; what you are testing, measuring or observing yProcedures (Protocol): xprovided by the instructor through oral communications and handouts; summarized in journal yData (Results): xYour whole class data along with your own individual or group data whenever possible ySummary and Conclusions: y4 pts/lab X 12 = 48 pts y(You Control the Organization!)

4. Plant Physiology z Plant Functions: (?) y1. y2. y3. y4. y5.

5. Plant Physiology zForm & Function z Plant Functions: y1. capture energy & assimilate carbon y2. distribute nutrients & water y3. grow & develop y4. reproduce y5. respond to the environment y- How Plants Work

6. Plant Physiology zForm & Function z Plant Functions – How they work z I. Phytohormones z II. Water Relations z III. Biochemistry z Main Units of Bio 340

7. Transpiration? zGuard Cells, Stomates zglucose flux, ion flux

8. z Reductionism?

9. z Emergence?

10. Vascular vs. Non-vascular Plants

11. Plant Cell smallest functional unit z cell wall z plasma membrane z protoplast z organelles z nucleus/nucleoplasm z cytoplasm z Cytosol (gel)

12. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zPlasma Membrane - Plasmalemma z up to 50% Phospholipid z up to 50% Protein yIntegral, Peripheral ypores, enzyme systems zbilayer in water zimpermeable to most charged particles zmade in ER, Chloroplasts & mitochndria z fig 1.16

13. Plasmalemma Unit Membrane & Fluid Mozaic Models z___________ zProtein z____________ zPhospholipid z__ zPhospholipid z____________ zProtein z____________ z fig 1.17 z Integral, Peripheral ypores, enzyme systems yGlycolipids

14. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zVacuole - z fluid-filled sac within most plant cells; surrounded by plasmalemma called tonoplast (aqueous) z May be 80 - 90% of cell volume zfunction: uptake of water and cell enlargement

15. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zNucleus - z Genetic Material DNA z Chromosomes z Double Membrane - pores zNucleolus -

16. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zNucleus - z Genetic Material DNA z Chromosomes z Double Membrane - pores zNucleolus - z -> Ribosome production z (Protein production)

17. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zEndoplasmic Reticulum z system of membrane- z canals within the cell z rough - (ribosomes) z smooth - zGolgi Complex z Cis Cisterna z Trans Cisterna z fig.1.4

18. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zGolgi Complex z Cis Cisterna z Trans Cisterna z fig.1.4

19. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zCytoskeleton z 3-D network z Microtubules z tubulin z Microfilaments z actin z Dynamic -> z Cytoplasmic Streaming z tubulin Actin

20. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zCytoskeleton z 3-D network z z fig.1.22

21. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zMitochondrion - z double membrane cover z

22. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zMitochondrion - z double membrane cover z Cell respiration -> ATPs z glycolysis z Krebs Cycle

23. Plant Cell smallest functional unit z z Chloroplast - z photosynthesis “Endosymbiosis”

24. Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Plastids - z Protoplast -> z Chloroplast - z photosynthesis z Amyloplast - z starch storage z Chromoplast - z pigment storage z fig. 1.21

25. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zMicrobodies z Oleosomes - z Peroxisomes - z Glyoxysomes -

26. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zMicrobodies z Oleosomes - lipid storage; mainly in seeds z 1/2 membrane cover; from smooth ER z Peroxisomes - contain catalase; rid hydrogen peroxide z single layer membrane cover z Glyoxysomes - fatty-acid metabolism z single layer membrane cover z

30. Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Cell Wall - Primary z - Cellulose Microfibrils 50% - Pectin 35% z z - Glycans (10%) z forms X-linkages z between Microfibrils, z dynamic z

32. Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Cell Wall - Secondary z 45 % Cellulose z Less Pectin z Less Glycans z Little Pectins z 35% Lignin z woody z high strength z(concrete reinforced with steel rods) z (2) Zones z

33. Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Cell Plate - z fusion of Golgi Bodies z -> Middle Lamella z Cellulose Synthase - emzyme for cellulose poduction z

34. Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Plasmodesmata - z continuation of z plasmalemma z between cells zDesmotubules - z continuation of ER z

35. Plant Cell smallest functional unit zPrimary Pit Field - z No secondary CW z zPits, Pit Pairs

37. Pathways zSymplast yconnections of cytosol through plasmodesmata zApoplast ynon-cytoplasmic spaces

38. Cells --> Tissues zParenchyma - photosynthesis; storage z (Chlorenchyma); undifferentiated cells zCollenchyma - support zSclerenchyma - support zXylem - (tracheids & vessels) conducting z water & minerals zPhloem - (seive tube elements & z companion cells); conducting organic food in z solution

39. Cells --> Tissues zEpidermis - protective covering; replaced by z phlellem; (guard cells, cuticle) zPeriderm - (Cork or phlellem cells); forms cork z cambium

40. Plant Development seed --> embryo --> adult plant

41. Plant Development embryos

42. Largest Seed Known??

44. Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs) zMeristems z Apical yprimary growth zLateral ysecondary growth yvascular cambium ycork cambium

45. Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs) zMeristems z Apical yprimary growth zLateral ysecondary growth yvascular cambium ycork cambium

46. Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs) zRoot

47. Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs) zStem

48. Monocots vs. Dicots

49. Leaves Petiole & Blade

51. Leaves