1. Chapter 8 Periodic Properties of the Elements

2. 1.2s orbital 2.2p orbital 3.3s orbital 4.3p orbital 5.3d orbital In an germanium atom, which electron will experience the greatest effective nuclear charge? An electron in a…

3. 1.2s orbital 2.2p orbital 3.3s orbital 4.3p orbital 5.3d orbital In an germanium atom, which electron will experience the greatest effective nuclear charge? An electron in a…

4. Order the following according to increasing atomic radius. 1.Ge < Si < Se < Cl 2.Se < Si < Ge < Cl 3.Si < Cl < Ge < Se 4.Cl < Si < Se < Ge 5.Si < Ge < Se < Cl Ge Si Se Cl

5. Order the following according to increasing atomic radius. 1.Ge < Si < Se < Cl 2.Se < Si < Ge < Cl 3.Si < Cl < Ge < Se 4.Cl < Si < Se < Ge 5.Si < Ge < Se < Cl Ge Si Se Cl

6. Order the following according to increasing atomic/ionic radius. 1.C < Li + < O 2- < N 3- 2.N 3- < O 2- < C < Li + 3.Li + < C < N 3- < O 2- 4.Li + < C < N 3- < O 2- 5.Li + < C < O 2- < N 3- N 3- Li + C O 2-

7. Order the following according to increasing atomic/ionic radius. 1.C < Li + < O 2- < N 3- 2.N 3- < O 2- < C < Li + 3.Li + < C < N 3- < O 2- 4.Li + < C < N 3- < O 2- 5.Li + < C < O 2- < N 3- N 3- Li + C O 2-

8. Which will have the highest ionization energy? 1.C 2.N 3.O 4.Al 5.Si

9. Which will have the highest ionization energy? 1.C 2.N 3.O 4.Al 5.Si

10. Which will be the largest? 1.I 1 of Na 2.I 2 of Na 3.I 1 of Mg 4.I 2 of Mg 5.I 3 of Mg I = ionization energy

11. Which will be the largest? 1.I 1 of Na 2.I 2 of Na 3.I 1 of Mg 4.I 2 of Mg 5.I 3 of Mg I = ionization energy

12. Which will produce a basic solution in water? 1.CO 2 2.P 2 O 5 3.BaO 4.XeO 3 5.SO 2

13. Which will produce a basic solution in water? 1.CO 2 2.P 2 O 5 3.BaO 4.XeO 3 5.SO 2

14. The effective nuclear charge experienced by 3p electrons in phosphorus is 1.+2 2.+3 3.+5 4.+7

15. 1.+2 2.+3 3.+5 4.+7 Correct Answer: The effective nuclear charge is given by the equation: Z eff = Z  S where Z represents number of protons in the nucleus and S represents the average number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron in question. Here: Z eff = 15  10 = +5

16. Based on atomic radii, which of the following bonds would be expected to be the shortest? 1.H  H 2.H  F 3.F  F 4.Cl  Cl

17. Correct Answer: The shortest bonding atomic radius belongs to the H atom, so an H 2 molecule will have the shortest H  X (where X is any atom) bond distance. 1.H  H 2.H  F 3.F  F 4.Cl  Cl

18. Which of the following is expected to be the correct order of atomic radii from smallest to largest? 1.H < C < F 2.Mg < Ar < Al 3.S < Si < Na 4.Ne < B < H

19. 1.H < C < F 2.Mg < Ar < Al 3.S < Si < Na 4.Ne < B < H Correct Answer: As noted from the graph to the right.

20. F , Ne, and Na + are isoelectronic. Which of the following gives the correct ordering of their ionic size (from smallest to largest)? 1.F  < Ne < Na + 2.Ne < F  < Na + 3.Na + < Ne < F 

21. 1.F  < Ne < Na + 2.Ne < F  < Na + 3.Na + < Ne < F  Correct Answer: For an isoelectronic series, the most negatively charged species is largest.

22. Which is larger: Na + or Na? 1.Na + 2.Na

23. 1.Na + 2.Na Correct Answer: Both have the same number of protons, but Na with one more electron will be larger.

24. Which is larger: Cl  or Cl? 1.Cl  2.Cl

25. 1.Cl  2.Cl Correct Answer: Both have the same number of protons, but Cl − with one more electron will be larger.

26. Based on periodic trends, which of the following elements is expected to have the largest first ionization energy? 1.Li 2.Be 3.B 4.N

27. Correct Answer: N Be B 1.Li 2.Be 3.B 4.N

28. Based on periodic trends, which of the following elements is expected to have the largest (i.e., most negative) electron affinity? 1.K 2.Na 3.Si 4.S

29. Correct Answer: S has most negative electron affinity in this list. 1.K 2.Na 3.Si 4.S

30. Which of the following oxides is basic? 1.Nickel (nickel(II) oxide, NiO) 2.Sulfur (sulfur trioxide, SO 3 ) 3.Sulfur (sulfur dioxide, SO 2 ) 4.Carbon (carbon dioxide, CO 2 )

31. Correct Answer: 1.Nickel (nickel(II) oxide, NiO) 2.Sulfur (sulfur trioxide, SO 3 ) 3.Sulfur (sulfur dioxide, SO 2 ) 4.Carbon (carbon dioxide, CO 2 ) Metal oxides react with acids to form salts in water; here NiO reacts with HNO 3 to form a green solution of Ni(NO 3 ) 2.

32. Which of the following metals is expected to react most vigorously with liquid water? (The reaction is pictured below.) 1.Lithium 2.Sodium 3.Potassium 4.Beryllium 5.Magnesium

33. Correct Answer: Reactivity with water is higher for alkali metals than alkaline earth metals, and the trend is more vigorous reactivity as one proceeds down the column of Group IA. 1.Lithium 2.Sodium 3.Potassium 4.Beryllium 5.Magnesium

34. In which of the following compounds does oxygen have an oxidation number of  1? 1.Dioxygen (O 2 ) 2.Lithium oxide (Li 2 O) 3.Sodium peroxide (Na 2 O 2 ) 4.Potassium superoxide (KO 2 )

35. Correct Answer: 1.Dioxygen (O 2 ) 2.Lithium oxide (Li 2 O) 3.Sodium peroxide (Na 2 O 2 ) 4.Potassium superoxide (KO 2 )