1. 1 Thank you for downloading this file. Making this file available on the internet is a matter of professional courtesy. In return, I would ask that if you use any of these materials, please cite the work appropriately (per the next slide). Note that these slides are not the presentation per se; rather, they support the talk. As such, you may not “get the whole story” simply by viewing the show. I welcome your feedback, so please feel free to e-mail me. Again, thank you for your interest in this work. -David Silva To move through show and the animations that have been built in, press the “enter” key.

2. Language, Networks, and Identity in the Azorean Diaspora One Family’s Sociolinguistic Profile David J. Silva, Vice Provost for Academic Affairs & Professor of Linguistics The University of Texas at Arlington ♦ djsilva@uta.edu ♦ http://ling.uta.edu/~david Narrating the Portuguese Diaspora (1928-2008): International Conference on Storytelling The University of Lisbon ♦ October 23-25, 2008

3. 3 Levels of Discourse Lifetime Life Stages Episodes Paragraphs Sentences Phrases Words Morphemes Sounds Form Meaning Function Sign }

4. 4

5. 5 “früta”“nöt” “cöves”“üvas” “lüa”

6. 6 u m d o i s t r e s q u a t r o c i n c o s e i s s e t o i t o ü mü m d ö s t r é s q u ó t r o c i n c o s e s s æ t ö t o12345678 More Correspondences Standard Portuguese S. Miguel Portuguese

7. 7 u m d o i s t r ê s q u a t r o c i n c o s e i s s é t o i t o ü m d ö s t r é s q u ó t r o c i n c o s ê s s æ t ö t o More Correspondences Standard Portuguese S. Miguel Portuguese

8. 8 u d o i t r ê q u a c i s e i s é o i ü m ö s é s ó t r o i n c o ê s æ t ö t o More Correspondences Standard Portuguese S. Miguel Portuguese

9. 9 iuêôéóaiuêôéóa i u ô ó ê a é Standard Portuguese Vowels The Portuguese Vowel Shift

10. 10 i ü u ê ö ô é ó æ (α) S. Miguel Portuguese Vowels

11. 11 (from the continent) Emigration to the USA

12. 12 Micaelenses: Minority within the Minority

13. 13 The Central Questions To what extent to Micaelenses preserve their native dialect? Is there evidence of convergence toward a more standard type of Portuguese? How might varying patterns of language use be understood?

14. 14 The Methods

15. 15 The Family

16. 16 Mother Standard Portuguese i u êô ou éó a i u êô ou ó é a Micaelensismos: fronted /u/ = [ü] fronted /ou/ = [ö] lowered /é/ = [æ] backed /a/ = [α] Standard-like Forms: /ê/ /ô/ Surprises: merged / ô / and /ó/ no [u] sound

17. 17 Eldest Son Standard Portuguese i u êô ou éó a i u ô ê ou ó é a Micaelensismos: lowered /ê/ = [ε] lowered /é/ = [æ] Standard-like Forms: /u/ /ô/ /ó/ /a/ /ou/ Very Standard

18. 18 Second Son Standard Portuguese i u êô ou éó a i u ê ô ou ó é a Micaelensismos: fronted /u/ = [ü] fronted /ou/ = [ö] lowered /é/ = [æ] backed /a/ = [α] Standard-like Forms: /ê/ /ô/ /ó/ Surprises: no [u] sound

19. 19 Youngest Son Standard Portuguese i u êô ou éó a i u ô ê ó ou é a Micaelensismos: fronted /u/ = [ü] fronted /ou/ = [ö] lowered /é/ = [æ] backed /a/ = [α] raised /ô/ = [u] raised /ó/ = [ô] Standard-like Forms: /ê/ Surprises: Well… none, really

20. 20 Summary of Behaviors StandardS. MiguelPortuguese Accommodated Micaelense Stereotyped Micaelense

21. 21 Luso ~ Anglo Matrix Contact-Participation in Luso Community HighLow Contact- Participation in Anglo Community High Bicultural Balanced Bilingual Assimilated English Dominant Low Traditional Port Dominant Marginalized ? ? ? After Berry 2003

22. 22 Mico ~ Luso Matrix Contact-Participation in Micaelense Community HighLow Contact- Participation in Larger Luso Community High Accommodated Micaelense Standard Portuguese Low Stereotyped Micaelense No Portuguese After Berry 2003

23. 23 Mico ~ Luso Matrix Couples Contact-Participation in Micaelense Community HighLow Contact- Participation in Larger Luso Community High Accommodated Micaelense Standard Portuguese Low Stereotyped Micaelense No Portuguese After Berry 2003 “outside” partner “inside” partner

24. 24 Shifting “Fields” Create New Versions of “Habitus” S. Miguel Portuguese Standard Portuguese S. Miguel Portuguese Standard Portuguese U.S. English Accommodated SMP Stereotyped SMP English Dominant Portuguese Dominant

25. 25 Conclusions “Telling our stories” reaches into the smallest units –transcends the semantic content of the narrative –even the smallest forms are emblematic “Who we are” is often about networking –Contact with the Micaelense community preserves stereotyped forms –Contact with larger Lusophone community encourages the adoption of standard forms (at the expense of Micaelense forms) The clearest markers of Micaelense identity are the fronted vowels [ü] and [ö]

26. 26 Epilogue: Why Bother? Labov’s Principles of Applied Dialectology The Principle of Error Correction - inform the public The Principle of Debt Incurred - serve the public good The Principle of Linguistic Gratuity - return linguistic favors to the community

27. Language, Networks, and Identity in the Azorean Diaspora One Family’s Sociolinguistic Profile David J. Silva The University of Texas at Arlington ♦ djsilva@uta.edu ♦ http://ling.uta.edu