1. Creating Relevance and Reuse with Targeted Semantics Michael C. Daconta Metadata Program Manager November 16, 2004

2. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 2 Welcome & Introduction Michael C. Daconta  Author/co-author of 10 Technical books  C, C++, Java, XML, Semantic Web  XML experience:  First XML project: 1996  Wrote XML Courses: 1998  Lead for the DOD/IC Core Taxonomy  Chief Architect of the DIA’s Virtual Knowledge Base  Inventor of the Fannie Mae Electronic Mortgage Standard  http://www.daconta.net High Five! XML has won!

3. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 3 The Department of Homeland Security  The “Mother of all Integrations”  CIO Office and CIO Council leading the charge…  Lee Holcomb, Steve Cooper  Martin Smith, Ryan Cast, Lee Smith, Sean Thrash … many others!  The Information Sharing Imperative!  Metadata Center of Excellence  Expose, Standardize and Federate  DHS Metadata Working Group  Presidential Orders  EO 13356 and HSPD 11  We will aggressively execute this mission! The Train has left the station! Are you on board?

4. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 4 An “Aggressive” Agenda  Modeling and the State of Things  Evolution and Revolution  Entity-based XML  XML Profile of FEA DRM  The Three R’s of Semantics  Targeted Semantics  Semantic Bootstrapping  DHS CIO Efforts  Other Efforts  The Challenge A lot to cover so … Hang On!

5. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 5 Modeling and the State of Things…  The “Messy Reality Scale” affects how you view modeling. My View:  There are stable subsets of reality that can be effectively modeled.  We all use internal “maps”.  Maps are not supposed to be reality, just effective.  And … the need is great!  And … Hardware is still improving:  GPS, cell-phones and voice recognition will ratchet up the requirements for “real-time relevance!”  64 Bit Computing  So … Subjective Unpredictable XML is necessary but not sufficient! Objective Stable

6. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 6 Data Evolution Timeline Age of Programs Age of Proprietary Data Age of Open Data Age of Open Metadata Age of Semantic Models Program-Data GIGO/minis/microswww / NetscapeWeb services OWL Text, Office Docs Databases (proprietary schema) HTML, XML (open schema) Namespaces, Taxonomies, RDF Ontologies & Inference 1945 -19702000 - 20031994 - 20001970 - 19942003 - Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Programming Model-Driven Programming less “Data is less important than code” as “Data is as important as code” more “Data is more important than code”

7. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 7 Entity Based XML  Lessons Learned:  Separate entities from transactions  Lesson: Use RDF data model to design your XML schemas.  Examples:  DDMS  Global Justice XML Data Model (GJXDM)

8. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 8 Entity-Based XML(2)  Biometrics Automated Toolset  Army Fielded System (i.e. Centcom)  Functions  Biometrics: Fingerprints, Iris, Facial Recognition  GUID  “Dossiers”  XML Driven. Below is “entities.xml” … …

9. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 9 FEA DRM Structure

10. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 10 Revised DRM Structure Subject Context Security ContextService Context Information Access Data Element Description Resource Description Subject Area Association Query Class Association Resource Class Association Data Property Data Class Unique Identifiers Association Security Class Association Subject Class Association Input/Output Service Class Who What When Where Why Context Information Exchange Exchange Payload Association Exchange Class Sharing Description Structured Semi-Structured Unstructured

11. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 11 XML Profile of the DRM Subject Context Security ContextService Context Information Access Data Element Description Resource Description Who What When Where Why Context Information Exchange Sharing Description Structured Semi-Structured Unstructured XML Topic Map (XTM) Web Service Entry (UDDI) IC Information Security Marking “Document” XML Schema Federated Query & RSS Dublin Core/DDMS XML Schema Types XLINK XLINK/XPointer XLINK

12. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 12 The Road to Revolution  Done with Graphics Fidelity … shifting to Data Fidelity  Smart Data Continuum  “Smart” = Application Independent, Contextual and enables Inference Relevance Reuse © Microsoft

13. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 13 Revolution (2): Copernican Shift Apps Data We had it all wrong…In the beginning… Put the “smarts” in the data… watch what happens… Apps

14. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 14 Three R’s of Semantics  Relevance  The intersection of what the user wants and what is available.  Reuse  The repurposing of the smallest semantic chunk of content.  Relation  First-class Associations between things. © 2003 Stanford Medical Informatics

15. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 15 Relevance: Right Information to the Right Person at the Right Time User Context & Requirements Relevance Content & Services - 5W Search Axes - Taxonomy - Query - Visualization - Question/Answer - Profiles - Feedback Loop - Entity/Associations - Class/Property - Class/Instance - Predicate/Inferences - System and Domain Metamodels - Structured - Semi-Structured - Unstructured - Web-Services - RSS Bottom Line: You have to model what you mean by “Right”

16. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 16 Personal Observations on Relevance  Missing the Mark  Traveling to Las Cruces, New Mexico  Off by one in a known email address  What should have happened  Relevance should enable “What is best for me…”  Context should enable “What I mean versus What I say…” Tucson Arizona Denver Colorado Albuquerque New Mexico Las Cruces New Mexico Literal path Optimal path

17. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 17  Solution Set:  XML  Taxonomy  Wordnet  Entity Extraction  Multiple Search Axes: Time, Geography, People, Subject… 3R’s: Reuse  Problem: Reusable, Modular Content  Semantic Chunks  Doctrine, Video, Entities  Digital production  Workflow / Transactions Linchpin  Granularity Some topic Joe Smith is … people

18. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 18 3R’s: Relation  Standard Associations  Example: PartOf versus SubclassOf Car Sports CarSedanSUV CorvetteMustang Car Engine Wheel TransmissionCarburetor

19. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 19 Targeted Semantics  Precedent:  general natural language recognition is far-off, domain-specific is here today (e.g. airline reservations)  Focus:  5W Search Axes: Who, What, When, Where, Why  Entities, Associations, Events  Community of Interest modeling  Go with the Stable Subset  Precedent: Programming Language Features  Stick with Standards  Sequence is Important  Semantic Bootstrapping

20. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 20 Semantic Bootstrapping Shared Identity (Naming & Addressing) Shared Metamodels (Domain & System) Shared Business Logic (Services & Rules) Shared Transactions (Containers & Context) Targeted Semantics (Definitions & Scope)

21. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 21 Current DHS Efforts  Introduction to Metadata Flash  DHS Taxonomy  Enterprise Metadata Registry  DHS Metadata Working Group  Core XML Schema Types  Standards Adoption Process  DHS Data Strategy

22. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 22 Semantic Web Central  http://www.semwebcentral.org  DARPA sponsored Tools! Tutorials! Resources!

23. Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004 23 Your Challenge  Get Positive! The only security is action!  Get Involved! Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SiCOP)  http://www.web-services.gov http://www.web-services.gov  Get Going! After the Semantic Web is the Pragmatic Web Syntax Pragmatics Semantics