1. Mediterranean Europe

2. Spain Portugal Italy Greece

3. Mediterranean Europe I. Region of tradition -home of ancient civilizations -democracy started here (Greeks) -protection of people’s rights (Rome) II. Iberian Peninsula -center of commerce since the age of exploration

4. II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 1. History -dominated by wars -first fought between the Christians and the Muslims -Spanish Inquisition

5. II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 2. Physical Characteristics

6. II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 3. Climate -mostly Mediterranean Climate -Northern Spain: plenty of rain to grow crops -Meseta: dry farming is used -Southern Spain Siroccos- hot, dry winds from Africa grow citrus fruits and olives

7. II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 4. Economic Activities -shift from agriculture to industry -major export is transportation equipment -major cities i. Bilboa: -steel town ii. Barcelona -largest port -textiles and plastic

8. II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 5. People i. heavy settlement around Madrid *hub of Spain due to its central location *problems of heavy traffic and air pollution

9. II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 5. People i. heavy settlement around Madrid *hub of Spain due to its central location *problems of heavy traffic and air pollution ii. Culture *Basques -northern Spain -practice cultural divergence -very independent *Catalon -southern Spain -speak mixture of French and Spanish

10. King Juan Carlos I Mariano Rajoy

11. II. Iberian Peninsula B. Portugal -small, compact country 1. Physical Characteristics

12. II. Iberian Peninsula B. Portugal 2. Economic Activities -Farming:

13. II. Iberian Peninsula B. Portugal 3. Trade -once traded around the world -joined the European Union in 1986 4. Today -similar to Spain (Republic) -moving to industry and service jobs -increasing its literacy rate

15. III. Italy A. Physical Characteristics

16. III. Italy B. People -cities are overpopulated -moving from the farm to look for jobs -high unemployment in the south -more industrial in the North C. Economic Activities -steel industry -fashion

17. D. Regions of Italy III. Italy North Central South European Italy Po River Valley- center of commercial industry Major cities -Milan -Turin -Genoa -Venice

19. III. Italy D. Regions of Italy North Central South European Italy Po River Valley- center of commercial industry Major cities -Milan -Turin -Genoa -Venice All about Rome Heavily influenced by Roman Catholic Church Other cities: Bologna Florence

20. III. Italy D. Regions of Italy North Central South European Italy Po River Valley- center of commercial industry Major cities -Milan -Turin -Genoa -Venice All about Rome Heavily influenced by Roman Catholic Church Other cities: Bologna Florence Mezzogiorno Poor region Many have migrated to the North Naples: major city

22. III. Italy E. History 1. 700 BC: -village of Rome grows to become the Roman Empire 2. 400’s AD: -Roman Empire collapsed -city-states develop and become major centers of trade 3. 1350-1500’s: -Renaissance -began in Florence and soon spread to all of Europe

23. III. Italy E. History 4. 1861: -Italy becomes a unified nation -led by Giuseppe Garibaldi 5. Today: -Parliamentary Government

24. IV. Greece A.People and Environments -land of over 2,000 islands -3/4 th of the land is mountainous

25. IV. Greece A.People and Environments 1. Economic Activities -lack natural resources -few mineral resources -mainly : sheep herding grow wheat, olives, citrus fruit -only 1/5 th of the land can be farmed -largest shipping fleet in the world -tourism -fishing

26. IV. Greece A.People and Environments 2. urban v. rural a. urban Athens: ~1/3 rd of the population lives here ~mix of old and new ~heavy traffic and air pollution

27. IV. Greece A.People and Environments 2. urban v. rural b. rural -largely unchanged from the past -live in isolated mountain villages -grow crops and raise sheep -village life centers around the village square

29. IV. Greece B.History -birthplace of Western culture 1.Ancient Greece -beginning of theater, philosophy, and democracy -new forms of literature -advances in geometry -Alexander the Great: -spread Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean area

30. IV. Greece B.History 2. Romans and the Turks i. lived under Roman rule for 300 yrs. ii. A.D. 400: became a part of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium Empire) iii. 1300’s-1400’s: -taken over by the Muslim Turks -allowed to remain Christian

31. IV. Greece B.History 3. Independent Greece -1829: gained their independence - became a monarchy - very unstable government - 1967-1974: military dictatorship - democracy today (Third Hellenic Republic)

32. IV. Greece C.Culture 1. Language and Religion -still speak a variation of ancient Greek - most people belong to the Greek Orthodox Church 2. Customs - family-oriented