1. Landforms and Resources of Europe The Peninsula of Peninsulas

2. Peninsulas Scandinavian Peninsula –Fjords: steep U-shaped valleys created by receding glaciers. Jutland Peninsula:Denmark Iberian Peninsula: Spain and Portugal Italian (Apennine) Peninsula: Italy Balkan Peninsula: Greece and Albania

4. Islands Great Britain Crete (Greece) IrelandShetland Islands (G.B) GreenlandFaröe Islands (Denmark) IcelandMalta Corsica (France) Sardinia (Italy) Sicily (Italy) Balearic Islands (Spain)

5. Sardinia

6. The Alps France Italy Switzerland Austria Germany Balkan Peninsula

8. The Pyrenees The Pyrenees Mountains separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Europe.

10. Carpathian Mountains The Carpathian mountains are located in Romania, Hungary and Slovakia

12. Uplands Uplands are areas of low mountains with mesas and plateaus. Some of these uplands are all that remains of ancient mountain ranges. Kjolen Mountains (Scandinavia) Meseta (Central Spain) Central Uplands of Germany Massif Central (France)

13. Danube River The Danube River cuts through the heart of Europe from west to east. It links Europe to the Black Sea.

14. Rhine River The Rhine River flows 820 miles from the interior of Europe to the North Sea.

15. Other Important Rivers Seine River (France) Loire River (France) Elbe River (Germany) Oder River (Germany) Po River (Italy) Tiber River (Italy) Vistula River (Poland) Tagus River (Spain) Ebro River (Spain) Thames River (England)

16. Fertile Plains Northern European Plain: –Relatively flat –Desirable for agriculture –Many armies used this area to move across Europe

17. Resources Mineral Resources: –Coal –Iron –The abundance of these resources made Europe the leader in the industrial revolution.

18. Energy and Agriculture Oil and Natural gas beneath the North Sea Agriculture: –1/3 of Europe’s land in suitable for agriculture

19. Other Resources Peat: –Partially decayed plat matter found in bogs. –Used for fuel to heat homes throughout Europe.

20. Bog Mummies Over the years, peat cutters working the bogs of northwest Europe have uncovered hundreds of mummies. A bog's naturally acidic environment also helps to create mummies and gives them a distinctively brown, leathery and life-like appearance.

21. Bog Mummies The oldest "bog mummies" are from the Iron Age (between 400 B.C. and 400 A.D.) and were Celtic or Germanic contemporaries of the Romans. Strangely, many of the mummies found in the European bogs show evidence of violent deaths. With slit throats and broken skulls, these individuals may have been victims of ritual sacrifice, not unlike the mummies of the high Andes.

22. Bog Mummies

23. Climate and Vegetation Westerly Winds: –Marine West Coast climate Ocean Currents: North Atlantic drift: Warm water flows along Europe’s west coast warming the coastal areas.

24. Harsh Climate Regions Humid Continental Climate Region Sweden Poland Slovakia Hungary Romania

25. Mediterranean Climate Southern Spain France Italy Greece Balkan Peninsula

26. Special Winds Mistral Winds: cold dry wind from the Alps. Sirocco Winds: hot steady wind blowing from North Africa into southern Europe. These winds pick up moisture as they travel across the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean climate attracts many tourists to southern Europe.

27. Land of the Midnight Sun Scandinavia –Winter nights are extremely long. –Summer days are extremely long –There are days when the sun never rises and days when the sun never sets.

28. Land of the Midnight Sun