1. Conflicts in the Middle East
Ch 18.4
CST

2. 1917 Britain issues the Balfour Declaration
CAUSES:
Increased immigration of Jews to Palestine
Zionists’ request for a Jewish homeland
Britain’s need to retain support of Palestinians and Jews during World War I
EFFECT:
No resolution of the issue, so Britain refers it to the UN

3. 1948 Independent Israel is created.
CAUSES: UN recommendation calling for a partition of Palestine
Int’l sympathy for the Jews because of the Holocaust and support for their desire for a Jewish homeland
EFFECT: Outbreak of full-scale Arab-Israeli war

4. Golda Meir
She was the signer of Israel’s Declaration of Independence and later became Prime Minister of Israel.

5. 1956 Arab-Israeli War #2 breaks out
CAUSE: Egypt seizes the Suez Canal.
EFFECTS:
Egyptians are defeated.
The world community pressures Israel and its European allies to withdraw from Egypt.

6. Suez Crisis (1956)
Egypt seized the Suez Canal in 1956, Britain, France, and Israel defeated Egypt, but international pressure forced them to withdraw, returning the canal to Egypt

7. 1967 The Six Day War begins CAUSES:
Increased tensions between Israel and Arab states
Soviet backed Arab troops move forces off Gulf of Aqaba
EFFECTS:
Arabs have heavy losses
Israel annexes the old city of Jerusalem, West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, and Golan Heights.

9. 1973- Yom Kippur War begins.
CAUSE: A joint Arab attack on the holiest Jewish Holiday
EFFECTS: Israel counter-attacks, followed by an uneasy truce

10. 1979 Anwar Sadat (Egypt) and Menachem Begin (Israel) sign the Camp David Accords.
CAUSES: Sadat offers peace to Begin. U.S. President Carter invites them both to discuss the issues at Camp David, USA
EFFECTS:
-Egypt recognizes Israel as a legitimate nation
-Sinai Peninsula is transferred to Egypt
-30 years of hostility ends btwn the 2 countries
-Sadat is assassinated.

11. Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin

12. Hosni Mubarak
He was the Egyptian leader who succeeded the assassinated Sadat and he maintained the peace with Israel.

13. 1993 Rabin (Israel) and Arafat (PLO) issue a Declaration of Principles.
CAUSES: On-going conflicts over Israeli-occupied territories finally leads to a series of peace talks.
EFFECTS:
Self-rule for Palestinians in Gaza Strip and West Bank
Assassination of Rabin

14. Izhak Rabin and Yasir Arafat

15. Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
This group led by Yasir Arafat conducted a campaign of terror against Israel. He later became the spokesman for the Palestinians in peace negotiations with Israel.