1. Chapter 10 Islam

2. Bedouins Who: nomadic herders What: moved through the desert to reach seasonal pasturelands for their animals; predecessors the Islamic peoples Where: southwest Asia, Middle East When: 500 Why: they traded with settled Arab tribes in oasis towns; & protected caravan routes

3. Bedouins (6) Who: nomadic herders What: moved through the desert to reach pasturelands for their herds Where: Arabian penin, ME When: 500 AD Why: competition for water & grazing land led to warfare; predecessors of the Islamic ppl

4. Muhammad Who: prophet of Islam What: messenger of God, he founded the Islamic faith Where: Mecca, Arabian peninsula When: 570-632? Why: he was troubled by the morals of society & would meditate in the hills- heard an angel’s voice telling him “There is one God and one ppl” = the basis of Islamic faith, he started the Islam religion

5. Muhammad (6) Who: Arab prophet of Islam; founder of Islam What: established the Muslim faith after receiving a vision that told him there was only one God Where: Mecca, Arabian penin., ME When: 570-632 AD Why: the Muslim faith has greatly influenced modern culture and would not exist w/o him

6. Workbook part A 570- Muhammad was born 595- Muhammad meets Khadija (his wife) 622- faced w. threat of murder, M & his followers left Mecca for Yathrib (Medina); this marked the 1 st year of the Islamic calendar- this journey was known as the Hijra 630- Muhammad returned to Mecca 632 Muhammad died

7. Mecca Who: Muslims, Muhammad What: a market town at the crossroads of several trading routes, where Muhammad was born, where Islam was founded Where: Arabian peninsula, Middle East When: 570 AD Why: this is where Muhammad the prophet was born; the Islamic religion was founded here; the Kaaba is here

8. Mecca (6) Who: Arabs & Muslims, Muhammad What: a bustling market town that is at the crossroads of many trading routes Where: Southern Arabian penin, ME When: 570 Why: the trading in the area helped make merchants wealthy; this is where M was born; this is where Islam was founded; this is where the Kaaba is located

9. Yathrib Who: Muhammad & his followers What: a city that M & his followers flee to to avoid death; the journey here is known as the Hijra, a city near Mecca Where: Arabian peninsula, ME When: 622 Why: this city is where Muhammad & his followers escaped to avoid murder; it was later renamed Medina

11. Hijra Who: Muhammad & his followers What: the journey from Meccca to Yathrib (Medina) of Muhammad & his followers Where: Arabian penin, ME When: 622 AD * Why: they left Mecca b.c. of the threat of murder= went to Yathrib (Medina) = this journey marks the 1 st year on the Islamic calendar (beginning of Islam); today Muslims complete this journey as part of their religion

12. Hijra (6) Who: Muhammad & his followers What: a religious journey from Mecca to Yathrib Where: from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina), Arabian penin, ME When: 622 * Why: this journey led M & his followers to safety = marked the 1 st year of the Islamic calendar = Islam was now a religion

13. Medina Who: M & his followers What: city that was renamed this, used to be Yathrib Where: Arabian penin, ME When: 622 AD Why: M visited here and it became known as “City of the prophet” & was renamed Medina; his journey to here marked the 1 st year on the Islamic calendar

15. Kaaba (Ka’ba) Who: Muslims What: a temple that Muslims believed Abraham built to worship God Where: Mecca, Arabain penin, ME When: 630 Why: this became the most holy place in Islam; Muslims travel here to pay homage to Islam & Allah

17. Quran Who: Muslims What: the sacred text of Islam Where: Mecca, Arabian penin, ME When: 622 Why: this states that ppl are responsible for theoir own actions, teaches God is all powerful & compassionate; lists the 5 pillars of the faith: Declaration of the faith; Daily prayer, Alms for the poor, Fasting, Hajj

18. Mosques Who: Muslims What: a house of worship for the Islamic faith Where: Southwestern Asia, Mecca, ME When: 622- present Why: the second pillar of faith in the Islam religion is prayer- Muslims often meet in the mosque in order to pray

19. Hajj Who: Muslim pilgrims What: a pilgrimage to Mecca to participate in ceremonies commemorating the actions of Muhammad Where: Mecca to Medina When: 622- present Why : their simple attire symbolized the abandonment of the material world for God; the 5 th pillar for Muslims- they must make this journey 1 time in their life

20. Jihad Who: Muslims What: struggle in God’s service, a personal duty of Muslims who focus on overcoming immortality w/in themselves; religious war Where: Arabian penin, ME When: 600s Why: this is a duty of the Muslims to defend their religion = still around today

21. Sharia Who: Muslim scholars What: a body of law that includes interpretations of the Quran, Islamic law Where: Arabian penin, ME When: 600s Why: this regulates moral conduct, life, business practices, and government in Islamic nations and for Islamic ppl

22. Workbook part B 3 main Bubbles: – Quran Sacred text of Islam – Sharia law – 5 pillars of Islam Declaration of faith Pray 5 times daily Give charity to the poor Fast during Ramadan (don’t eat) Make Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca once in your lifetime