1. Nickel Ni By: Nathan Regal

2. Overview Basic information Properties and characteristics Where it’s found Types of deposits and mining/ extraction process Uses Cost/ worth Future and political standpoint

3. Basic Information Transition metal Transition metal Atomic number 28 Atomic number 28 Atomic mass: 58.69 g/mol Atomic mass: 58.69 g/mol Melting pt. of 1453.0° C Melting pt. of 1453.0° C Boiling pt. 2732.0° C Boiling pt. 2732.0° C Discovered by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt in 1751 Discovered by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt in 1751 Silvery white with a gold tinge Silvery white with a gold tinge

4. Properties and Characteristics Hard, malleable, ductile Hard, malleable, ductile Good conductor of heat and electricity Good conductor of heat and electricity Extreme resistance to heat and corrosion Extreme resistance to heat and corrosion One of four metals that is magnetic at or near room temperature* One of four metals that is magnetic at or near room temperature*

5. Where it’s Found PhillippinesRussiaIndonesiaCanadaAustralia New Caledonia

6. Phillippines Nonoc Island located in Surigao City City resides on one of the biggest nickel deposits in Southeast Asia Produced 440,000 metric tons in 2014

7. Russia Norilsk Largest deposit of nickel in the world Produced 260,000 metric tons in 2014

8. Indonesia Sulwesi & Halmahera Produced 240,000 metric tons in 2014 2 nd highest grade of nickel next to New Caledonia

9. Canada Ontario’s Sudbury Basin Thompson nickel belt in Manitoba Ungava Peninsula in Quebec Produced 233,000 metric tons in 2014

10. Australia Murrin Murrin Western Australia holds 1/3 of nickel producing laterite and sulfide deposits Produced 220,000 metric tons in 2014

11. New Caledonia Goro nickel project Highest grade nickel Produced 165,000 metric tons in 2014

12. Sulfide Ore Deposit Derived from volcanic or hydrothermal processes 27% of nickel resources come from sulfide deposits Easier to process, cheaper to mine Resources are becoming depleted

13. Sulfide Ore Deposits Nickel is typically found with other ore: Sulfur and iron in pentlandite Sulfur in millerite Arsenic in nickeline

14. Sulfide Ore Deposits Underground mining Pyrometallurgy“Smelting” Material is heated Ore is decomposed Leaves metal base behind

15. Laterite Ore Deposits Formed near the surface following extensive weathering 73% of worlds nickel resources come from laterite deposits More extensive processing Most future mining will come from laterite deposits LimoniteGarnierite

16. Laterite Ore Deposit Open cut mining HPAL “High Pressure Acid Leaching” Ore is leached with sulphuric acid at high pressures and temperatures Metal rich solution fed to solvent extraction “hydrometallurgy”

17. Nickel Uses 95% of nickel goes into the making of alloys 3,000 nickel containing alloys Stainless steel, invar, monel, inconel, alnico, permalloy, hastelloys, nichrome https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqsMNtk D5e8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqsMNtk D5e8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqsMNtk D5e8 Equipment parts Used as a catalyst

18. Stainless Steel 2/3 of all nickel goes into the making of stainless steel* Contains 8% nickel Corrosion and heat resistant

19. Cost/ Worth Surge in price in 2006, 2007 Nickel was worth 9 cents Melting for profit Now it’s only worth 90% of face value

20. U.S. Dependency U.S. only has one active mine in Oregon Import 43% of nickel Eagle Mine in Michigan’s upper peninsula Expected to produce 16,000 metric tons U.S. military dependency

21. Political Standpoint Sustainable Development Nickel products have a long useful life Ability to collect and recycle 40% of all nickel used is from recycled material 4% increase in need annually

22. Questions? "Nickel." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.. Dalvi, Ashok, Gordon Bacon, and Robert Osborne. "The Past and the Future of Nickel Laterites." PDAC 2004 International Convention (2004). Print. Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Nickel. Feb. 16, 2015 http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ni.html.http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ni.html "Nickel Production Top Countries 2014 | Statistic." Statista. 1 Jan. 2015. Web. 17 Feb. 2015. http://www.statista.com/statistics/264642/nickel-mine-production-by- country/.http://www.statista.com/statistics/264642/nickel-mine-production-by- country/ Barnes, Lauritz. "Nickel - Sulphide and Laterite." Mirabela Nickel. 2004. Web. 17 Feb. 2015. http://mirabela.com.au/nickel.asp.http://mirabela.com.au/nickel.asp "nickel processing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015 "Defense." Copper Alloys for Naval,, and Military. Web. 17 Feb. 2015. http://www.farmerscopper.com/defense.htmlhttp://www.farmerscopper.com/defense.html. "Nickel." Minerals Education Coalition. 1 Jan. 2013. Web. https://www.mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals/nickel.https://www.mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals/nickel "Nickel: Uses, Applications-Metalpedia." Nickel: Uses, Applications-Metalpedia. Web. http://metalpedia.asianmetal.com/metal/nickel/application.shtml.http://metalpedia.asianmetal.com/metal/nickel/application.shtml "Nickel Statistics and Information." USGS Minerals Information: Nickel. USGS, 5 Feb. 2015. Web..