2. Imperialism Test Review

3. Topics to know for the Test Motives for the New Imperialism Forms of Imperialism Imperialism in Africa Imperialism in Muslim Lands Imperialism in India

4. Motives for New Imperialism Need for raw materials EconomicEconomic NationalismNationalism MilitaryMilitary SocialSocial Cheap Labor New Markets White Man’s Burden Social Darwinism Bases to protect investments Increased nations power

5. Forms of Imperialism Colonies Protectorate Sphere of Influence A country or a territory governed internally by a foreign power A country or a territory with its own internal gov’t but under the control of an outside power An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges

6. Imperial Management Methods Indirect Control Local government officials used Limited self-rule Government institutions are based on European styles but may have some local rules Direct Control Foreign officials brought in to rule No self-rule Government institutions are based only on European styles

7. Africa Before Imperialism Geographic barriers had limited European colonization of Africa – Inland travel was difficult Sahara Desert Highlands, steep cliffs Europeans could not navigate rivers – Many waterfalls and rapids – Presence of diseases such as Malaria

8. Tools of European Imperialism SteamshipsSteamships Drug that was developed to protect against Malaria QuinineQuinine Superior Military technology Improved Communications Allowed Europeans to travel up rivers Small European forces could defeat much larger numbers of Africans Maintain close contact between colony and controlling nation

9. Berlin Conference Divides Africa between European Powers Ignores traditional African ethnic boundaries African nations eventually gain independence in 2 nd half of 20 th century Conflicts and Civil Wars

11. British Interests in Africa Suez Canal – Egypt built a canal connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea Reduced time to travel from Europe to the Indian Ocean – Egyptian government was unstable Britain made Egypt a protectorate to protect their interests in the canal

12. Imperialism in Muslim Lands Ottoman Empire was an Empire in decline but controlled important geopolitical locations Russia frequently had conflicts with the Ottoman Empire because they wanted warm water ports on the Black Sea

13. “The Great Game” Conflicts between Russia and Britain over land in central Asia

14. European Interest in Muslim Lands Discovery of oil in Persia and and the Arabian peninsula increased European interest in the Middle East

15. Positives of British Rule Negatives of British Rule New roads and Railroads link India New roads and Railroads link India Telegraph and Postal systems unite people in India Telegraph and Postal systems unite people in India Irrigation systems improve farming Irrigation systems improve farming New laws mean justice for all people New laws mean justice for all people Exposure to western education Exposure to western education Customs that threatened Human rights ended Customs that threatened Human rights ended New roads and Railroads link India New roads and Railroads link India Telegraph and Postal systems unite people in India Telegraph and Postal systems unite people in India Irrigation systems improve farming Irrigation systems improve farming New laws mean justice for all people New laws mean justice for all people Exposure to western education Exposure to western education Customs that threatened Human rights ended Customs that threatened Human rights ended Indian resources are removed from India and sent to Britain Indian resources are removed from India and sent to Britain Indians forced to buy British made goods instead of local made products Indians forced to buy British made goods instead of local made products Farms grow cash crops rather than food crops Farms grow cash crops rather than food crops Indians are treated as inferior Indians are treated as inferior British try to replace Indian culture with western culture British try to replace Indian culture with western culture Indian resources are removed from India and sent to Britain Indian resources are removed from India and sent to Britain Indians forced to buy British made goods instead of local made products Indians forced to buy British made goods instead of local made products Farms grow cash crops rather than food crops Farms grow cash crops rather than food crops Indians are treated as inferior Indians are treated as inferior British try to replace Indian culture with western culture British try to replace Indian culture with western culture

16. Rise of Nationalism in India Indians felt they were treated as 2 nd class citizens Barred from top jobs in Indian Civil Service Paid less than British workers Wanted more of a say in government