1. NORTH AFRICA HISTORY Pharaohs, Pyramids and a Whole Lot More

2. OBJECTIVE Identify and explain important events in the history of North Africa

3. GUIDING QUESTION Why was ancient Egypt so important?

4. MAIN IDEAS Egypt is one of the earliest known civilizations. People began permanently living in the Nile valley about 8,000 years ago. Pharaohs ruled Egypt and ordered the construction of temples, pyramids and monuments. The Egyptian developed a writing system, called hieroglyphics. Because they left so much writing in stone, we know more about ancient Egypt than almost any other ancient civilization. Ancient Egypt made advances in math, science, astronomy, and engineering.

8. FACT CHECK For thousands of years, Egypt was ruled by kings called ______ The Egyptians practiced _____, which is the belief in many gods What is the name for the ancient Egyptian writing system?

9. GUIDING QUESTION How was North Africa connected to other areas?

10. MAIN IDEAS The Mediterranean Sea served as a way to trade and make contact with other parts of the world. In the 200s and 300s BC, Carthage fought and lost three wars with the Roman Empire. With the last defeat, the Roman Empire gained control of the western part of North Africa. Under Roman rule, many North Africans changed their religion to Christianity. After the Roman Empire fell, the Muslim empire conquered Egypt and its religion, Islam, influenced the region.

11. ROMAN/MUSLIM JEOPARDY

12. PROGRESS CHECK Which do you think had more influence on the region: the Romans or the Muslims? Why do you think so? (Back up your position with evidence from your readings)

13. FACT CHECK What ancient city fought three wars with Rome for control in the Mediterranean? The religion of _____ was founded my Mohammed on the Arabian peninsula about 632 AD. The Berbers and Egyptians were linked to the Muslim world in the 1000s by __________. The Ottoman Empire, based in modern-day ________, captured parts of North Africa in the 1500s.

14. GUIDING QUESTION What leads people to revolt against a government?

15. MAIN IDEAS European powers and the Ottoman Empire began to conquer lands in North Africa in the 1500s. After 1800, European power grew while Ottoman power weakened. In the 1900s, movements for independence broke out in North Africa. In late 2010, a series of revolts, called the Arab Spring, broke out in Tunisia and spread throughout the region. In some countries, governments were replaced.

16. PROGRESS CHECK How did the people of North Africa react to European control? Compare that to how they reacted to rule by the Ottoman Empire. What do you think accounts for the difference? (back up your answer with evidence from your readings)

17. GOVERNMENTS AND DICTATORSHIPS

18. FACT CHECK In the early 1900s, ______ seized control of Libya. Which North African country was the first to achieve independence from European rule? In late 2010, a series of revolts, called the Arab Spring, began in ________.