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Mainland and Insular Regions

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1 Mainland and Insular Regions
SOUTHEAST ASIA Mainland and Insular Regions E. J. PALKA

2 Setting the Boundaries
Two sub-regions: Mainland and Insular Southeast Asia 11 countries; 10 of which are in the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) Formerly known as Indochina Highlights influence of India and China Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

3 MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES
A FRAGMENTED REALM OF NUMEROUS ISLAND COUNTRIES AND PENINSULAS PHYSIOGRAPHY DOMINATED BY HIGH RELIEF, CRUSTAL INSTABILITY, AND TROPICAL CLIMATES EXHIBITS CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHATTER BELT POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND CONFLICT CLUSTERED POPULATION PATTERNS POOR INTRAREGIONAL COMMUNICATIONS CULTURAL FRAGMENTATION (COMPLEX ETHNIC, LINGUISTIC, AND RELIGIOUS PATTERNS)

4 Southeast Asia Figure 13.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

5 SOUTHEAST ASIA

6 Physical Landscapes Mainland Insular Deltaic environments
Tropical monsoon forest Insular Archipelagic environments Sunda Shelf Figure 13.6 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

7 Natural Hazards Tsunami Damage in Banda Aceh Mud Volcano in Indonesia
Figure 13.8 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

8 Climate Figure 13.7 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

9 Environmental Issues – Overview
Figure 13.3 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

10 Deforestation in Southeast Asia
Export-oriented logging Denuded landscapes, damaged watersheds, reduced biodiversity National parks and protected areas Figure 13.4 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

11 Deforestation Luzon, Philippines Oil Palm Plantations Figure 13.0
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff Figure

12 LOGGING ON BORNEO

13 Agriculture Harvesting Tea in Indonesia
Figure 13.12 Figure 13.11 Harvesting Tea in Indonesia Swidden Agriculture and the “Golden Triangle” Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

14 BURNING RAINFOREST DEBRIS

15 REASONS TO “SLASH AND BURN” ?
To eliminate the canopy of the trees in the rainforest allowing sunlight to enter To add a fertilizer to the impoverished soil in the form of nitrogen and carbon To eradicate competing vegetation that exists in the rainforest environment To alter the acidity of the soil which hampers the growth of the crops

16 SWIDDEN ESTABLISHED

17 REASONS TO ABANDON FARMS
RAPID DETERIORATION OF THE SOIL DO LOSS OF THE LAYER OF ASH SOIL EROSION DUE TO HEAVY PRECIPITATION OF THE RAINFOREST INVASION OF THE SWIDDEN BY NATIVE VEGETATION AND PESTS DECREASE IN THE YIELDS DUE TO ALL OF THE FACTORS MENTIONED ABOVE

18 ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

19 Population Deltas Coastal areas Zones of fertile volcanic soil
Figure 13.10 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

20 Demographic Contrasts
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

21 Transmigration Internal Relocation of Population Figure 13.14
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

22 Contrasting Settlement Patterns
Bangkok Figure 13.16 Rural Indonesia Figure 13.15 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

23 Cultural Coherence and Diversity
Indonesia’s Largest Mosque South Asian Chinese Islamic Influences Figure 13.19 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

24 ETHNICITY

25 Linguistic Diversity Burmese Script Figure 13.20
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

26 Religious Diversity Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

27 Global Context of Southeast Asian Culture
Buddhist Monks in a Burmese Market Filipina Musician in Hong Kong Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff Figure 13.23

28 Colonialism in Southeast Asia
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

29 Geopolitical Framework
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

30 COLONIAL SPHERES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

31 POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY A SYSTEMATIC FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY THAT FOCUSES ON THE SPATIAL EXPRESSIONS OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR KEY TERMS SUPRANATIONALISM BALKANIZATION IRREDENTISM GEOPOLITICS DEVOLUTION

32 POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY (CONTINUED)
STATE TERRITORIAL MORPHOLOGY COMPACT- CAMBODIA PROTRUDED (EXTENDED)- THAILAND ELONGATED (ATTENUATED)- VIETNAM FRAGMENTED- PHILIPPINES PERFORATED- SOUTH AFRICA THE IMPACT OF SHAPE?

33 POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY (CONTINUED)
BOUNDARIES DEFINITION VS DELIMITATION VS DEMARCATION MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS GEOMETRIC PHYSIOGRAPHIC ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHIC GENETIC CLASSIFICATIONS ANTECEDENT SUBSEQUENT SUPERIMPOSED RELICT

34 GENETIC CLASSIFICATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

35 ANTECEDENT MALAYSIA BRUNEI INDONESIA

36 SUPERIMPOSED PAPUA NEW GUINEA INDONESIA

37 RELICT BOUNDARY FORMER NORTH VIETNAM FORMER SOUTH

38 SUBSEQUENT BOUNDARY CHINA SOUTH CHINA SEA LAOS VIETNAM

39 SHAPES OF STATES

40 COMPACT STATE CAMBODIA
A POLITICO-GEOGRAPHIC TERM TO DESCRIBE A STATE THAT POSSESSES A CIRCULAR, OVAL, OR RECTANGULAR TERRITORY IN WHICH THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER TO ANY POINT ON THE BOUNDARY EXHIBITS LITTLE VARIATION CAMBODIA, URUGUAY, AND POLAND ARE EXAMPLES. CAMBODIA

41 ELONGATED STATE VIETNAM
A STATE WHOSE TERRITORY IS DECIDEDLY LONG AND NARROW; ITS LENGTH IS AT LEAST SIX TIMES GREATER THAN ITS AVERAGE WIDTH CHILE, VIETNAM, AND LAOS ARE CLASSIC EXAMPLES.

42 PROTRUDED STATE THAILAND
A TYPE OF TERRITORIAL SHAPE THAT EXHIBITS A NARROW, ELONGATED LAND EXTENSION LEADING AWAY FROM THE MAIN BODY OF THE TERRITORY THAILAND AND MYANMAR ARE LEADING EXAMPLES. THAILAND

43 FRAGMENTED STATE MALAYSIA
A STATE WHOSE TERRITORY CONSISTS OF SEVERAL SEPARATED PARTS, NOT A CONTIGUOUS WHOLE THE INDIVIDUAL PARTS MAY BE ISOLATED FROM EACH OTHER BY THE LAND AREA OF OTHER STATES OR BY INTERNATIONAL WATERS. PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA ARE ALSO EXAMPLES. MALAYSIA

44 Mainland and Insular Regions
SOUTHEAST ASIA Mainland and Insular Regions E. J. PALKA

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