1. MIDDLE AMERICA I (chapter 4: 184-195)

2. INTRODUCTION TO MIDDLE AMERICA DEFINING THE REALM –MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, CARIBBEAN ISLANDS MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES –FRAGMENTED - PHYSICALLY AND POLITICALLY –DIVERSE CULTURALLY –POVERTY IS ENDEMIC

3. REGIONS OF MIDDLE AMERICA Mexico Central America Greater Antilles Lesser Antilles

4. MIDDLE AMERICA

5. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LAND BRIDGE ARCHIPELAGO –GREATER AND LESSER ANTILLES NATURAL HAZARDS –EARTHQUAKES –VOLCANOES –HURRICANES I wonder why?

6. WORLD TECTONIC PLATES

7. DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOES

8. WORLD HURRICANE TRACKS

9. CULTURE HEARTH SOURCE AREAS FROM WHICH RADIATED IDEAS, INNOVATIONS, AND IDEOLOGIES THAT CHANGED THE WORLD BEYOND. MA HEARTHS AZTECS MAYANS

10. MESOAMERICA CULTURE HEARTHS – MAYA CIVILIZATION 3000 BP CLASSIC PERIOD 200-900 AD HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, BELIZE, YUCATAN PENINSULA THEOCRATIC STRUCTURE – AZTEC CIVILIZATION 1300 AD VALLEY OF MEXICO TENOCHTITLAN (>100,000 PEOPLE)

12. THE LEGACY OF COLONIALISM LAND WAS APPROPRIATED - COLONIAL COMMERCIAL INTERESTS LANDS DEVOTED TO FOOD CROPS FOR LOCAL CONSUMPTION WERE CONVERTED TO CASH CROPPING FOR EXPORT LAND ALIENATION INDUCES: –FAMINE –POVERTY –MIGRATION –LITTLE AGRICULTURAL DIVERSITY

13. COLONIAL SPHERES

14. MAINLAND/RIMLAND FRAMEWORK MAINLAND –EURO-INDIAN INFLUENCE –GREATER ISOLATION –HACIENDA PREVAILED RIMLAND –EURO-AFRICAN INFLUENCE –HIGH ACCESSIBILITY –PLANTATION ECONOMY

15. MAINLAND – RIMLAND DISTINCTION

16. MAINLAND vs RIMLAND LOCATIONGREATER ISOLATIONGREATER ACCESSIBILITY CLIMATEALTITUDINALTROPICAL ZONATION PHYSIOGRAPHYMOUNTAINSISLANDS CULTUREEURO/INDIANAFRICAN-EUROPEAN RACE MESTIZOMULATTO LANDHOLDING PATTERNSHACIENDASPLANTATION MAINLANDRIMLAND

17. HACIENDA vs PLANTATION HACIENDA –SPANISH INSTITUTION –NOT EFFICIENT BUT SOCIAL PRESTIGE –WORKERS LIVED ON THE LAND PLANTATION –NORTHERN EUROPEAN ORIGINS –EXPORT ORIENTED MONOCROPS –IMPORTED CAPITAL AND SKILLS –SEASONAL LABOR –EFFICIENCY IS KEY

18. AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS PLANTATION PRODUCTION FOR EXPORTPRODUCTION FOR EXPORT SINGLE CASH CROPSINGLE CASH CROP SEASONAL EMPLOYMENTSEASONAL EMPLOYMENT PROFIT MOTIVE $$$PROFIT MOTIVE $$$ MARKET VULNERABILITYMARKET VULNERABILITY

19. AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS PLANTATIONHACIENDA PRODUCTION FOR EXPORTPRODUCTION FOR EXPORT SINGLE CASH CROPSINGLE CASH CROP SEASONAL EMPLOYMENTSEASONAL EMPLOYMENT PROFIT MOTIVE $$$PROFIT MOTIVE $$$ MARKET VULNERABILITYMARKET VULNERABILITY DOMESTIC MARKETDOMESTIC MARKET DIVERSIFIED CROPSDIVERSIFIED CROPS YEAR ROUND JOBSYEAR ROUND JOBS SMALL PLOT OF LANDSMALL PLOT OF LAND SELF-SUFFICIENTSELF-SUFFICIENT

20. AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS PLANTATIONHACIENDA PRODUCTION FOR EXPORTPRODUCTION FOR EXPORT SINGLE CASH CROPSINGLE CASH CROP SEASONAL EMPLOYMENTSEASONAL EMPLOYMENT PROFIT MOTIVE $$$PROFIT MOTIVE $$$ MARKET VULNERABILITYMARKET VULNERABILITY EJIDO DOMESTIC MARKETDOMESTIC MARKET DIVERSIFIED CROPSDIVERSIFIED CROPS YEAR ROUND JOBSYEAR ROUND JOBS SMALL PLOT OF LANDSMALL PLOT OF LAND SELF-SUFFICIENTSELF-SUFFICIENT SMALL SURPLUSESSMALL SURPLUSES LAND “OWNERSHIP”LAND “OWNERSHIP” COMMUNAL VILLAGECOMMUNAL VILLAGE COLLECTIVECOLLECTIVE

21. MIDDLE AMERICA I (chapter 4: 184-195)