1. Hawai’i

2. Relative location of Hawai’i to the US

3. Quick Thought Should Hawaii be included within the North American realm? –One of the fifty states –Cultural, historical and economic ties with the mainland But, it is also a distinct entity –Physical separation from the continent –Distinctiveness of its physical and cultural landscape –Distinct flora and fauna

4. Physical Geography Topography –Archipelago of 8 major inhabited islands –“Tops” of MASSIVE volcanoes Geology –Volcanic; Associated with movement of the Pacific plate across a hot spot of upwelling magma –Lots of volcanoes

5. Erupting Kilauea Volcano

6. Shield Volcano

7. Mauna Kea a Shield Volcano

8. Physical Geography Climate: –“Tropical wet” (Af) –Variation only with elevation Trade Winds and Precipitation –Drier summer (May to October); Moister winter (October to April) –Variable –Orographic precipitation

9. N

10. N

11. Physical Geography Biogeography –Diverse species; High endemic count –Threats = humans and alien plant & animal species –Adaptive radiation

12. Adaptive Radiation in Hawai’i? From: Hardwick, Susan W., Fred Shelley, and Donald G. Holtgrieve. 2006. Regional Geography of North America: Environment, Political Economy, and Culture. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

13. Physical Geography Hazards & Hydrology –The entire island is a VOLCANO for crying out loud!! –Earthquakes –Tsunamis –Excessive water if winter storms prevail; drought if not Soil –Nutrient rich, thanks to Pele, the Goddess of the Volcano

14. Marquesas Islands Hawaii Historical Settlement: Polynesians

15. Oahu Honolulu Hawaiian Population % Distribution

16. Historical Settlement European –Captain James Cook = first European (1778) –Native populations decimated by diseases –1820’s = center for Pacific-based whaling industry American –Missionaries –“Entrepreneurs”

17. Historical Settlement Asian –Initially 1837; original plantation labor force –1852 – 1930, ~400,000 agricultural laborers –Japanese are the dominant ethnic group

18. Oahu Honolulu JAPANESE POPULATION % DISTRIBUTION

19. Oahu Honolulu CHINESE POPULATION % DISTRIBUTION

20. Oahu Honolulu FILIPINO POPULATION % DISTRIBUTION

21. Recent Settlement History

22. Another Look…

23. Population Distribution Before Europeans, native population ~300,000 Majority lived on the “Big Island”; other islands sparsely populated 1980 = 965,000; largest on Oahu 1988 = > 1.1 million 2000 = Honolulu ~1 million

24. Political Economy Primary Sector –Pineapple –Sugar –Sandalwood –Coffee (Kona) –Cattle Tertiary Sector –Tourism

25. Tourism Steady increase since 1950 An economic steroid, with after effects: –Congestion –Pollution –Decline in scenic beauty –Instability, since it is seasonal in nature –Inconvenience to natives $10 Billion in 2002 –$144 million pineapple; $100 million for sugar

26. Places in Hawai’i: Waikiki

27. Places in Hawai’i: the Big Island Rainbow Falls, near Hilo, HI

28. Places in Hawai’i: Maui Maui, West Mountains

29. Places in Hawai’i: Kauai Kauai Coast

30. Final Wrap-Up An isolated outpost Scarcity of land and fragile ecology More mixed-race demographics Tourism thrives

31. Reading & Resource Reading: Herman, R.D.K. 1999. “The Aloha State: Place Names and the Anti- Conquest of Hawai’i.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 89: 76–102. –Toponymy as an analytical tool. Utterly cool geography! Resource: GIShonolulu –A look at how Honolulu is using GIS for decision making processes

32. Discussion Questions Although it may not need to, Hawai’i depends on the mainland for much of its resources. Given this one spatial trait, how will globalization affect the Island State? Some Hawaiians have advocated secession from the Union. What implications would this have on the mainland?

33. Related Books Allen, Robert C. 2004. Creating Hawai’i Tourism: A Memoir. Honolulu: Bess Press. –A romp through 20 th century Hawaiian tourist industry Michener, James. 1959. Hawai’i. New York: Random House, 1959. –Michener says he always begins writing by researching the best geography of a region—even before history. His books certainly demonstrate that mantra. Stone, Charles P., Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison. 1992. Alien Plant Invasions in Native Ecosystems of Hawai’i. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press. –Gambol through some fascinating biogeography and ecology!

34. WebSources Hawai’i Weather http://www.hawaiiweathertoday.com/ U.S. Department of Labor–Hawai’i Economy http://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.hi.htm Hawai’i Tourism http://www.gohawaii.com/ Surfing Information http://www.surfguidehawaii.com/ Hawai’i National Parks http://www.nps.gov/havo/ U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/