1. GREECE

2. GREECE

3. Bordering countries are Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey
Bordering bodies of water are Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, Sea of Crete

4. Capital is Athens

5. Mountains cover most of Greece, land is rocky with little fertile soil, summers are hot and dry

6. Winter – ¾ of rain falls, mild and wet
Summer – hot, dry, very sunny

7. Greece is a seafaring country because you are never far from the sea, 1/5 of Greece is islands, land is not very good for farming

8. A city-state is the city/town and the surrounding villages and farmland

9. Greek city-states were independent, small in size, quarreled among themselves

10. The Ancient Greeks were:
patriotic
shared a common language, religion, and culture
prized their freedom and way of life
creative thinkers

11. Greece became independent in 1829

12. What happened in Olympia, Greece in 776 BCE?
What is Greece’s capital city called?
How many letters make up the Greek alphabet?
What is Greece’s national cheese?
What is the currency used in Greece?
How many Greeks work in agriculture?
What two major geographic features shape Greece?
How many islands are apart of Greece?
What religion do ninety-eight percent of Greeks belong to?
What is a major holiday in Greece?
First Olympics
Athens 24
feta
Euro
One in five
Mountains and Seas
2000
Greek Orthodox Church ~ Christian
Easter and Christmas

13. LOCATION
Greece is located in southern Europe between Albania and Turkey. It borders the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. It has a population of 10,964,020. Athens is its capital.

14. AREA
Greece has a total area of 131,940 sq km. That means it is slightly smaller than Alabama

15. CLIMATE
Greece has a Mediterranean climate with plenty of sunshine, mild temperatures and a limited amount of rainfall.

16. SUMMER
In summer, the dry hot days are cooled by seasonal winds called the meltemi, while mountainous regions have generally lower temperatures.

17. WINTER
The winters are mild in lowland areas, with a minimum amount of snow and ice, yet, mountains are usually snow-covered.

18. TERRAIN
Greece consists of a mountainous and craggy mainland jutting out into the sea. Four-fifths of Greece consist of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world.

19. LAND USE
About 20% of Greece is farmable. Farmers grow olives, figs, fruit, grapes, and very little grain.

20. GREECE’S GEOGRAPHY

22. Peloponnesus Peninsula and numerous islands in the Aegean Sea
2)They were separated from one another by rugged mountains, bays and inlets, and by being on an island
3) Most Ancient Greeks were farmers

23. 4) A Mediterranean climate – mild winters with hot, sunny summers
4) A Mediterranean climate – mild winters with hot, sunny summers you can grow crops all year round similar to southern California
5) Mainly grow grapes and olives
Grow small amounts of wheat and barley

24. 6) Main disadvantage is that only ¼ of the land is level so they could only grow small amounts of grain crops and, therefore, they had to trade with others to get more grain

25. 7) Main advantage is the sea – it connected all Greeks to one another and Greece to other civilizations so that they could trade and get what they needed

26. GREECE’S ORIGINS

27. MINOAN AGE Minoans Crete ~ Knosses 2000 – 1400 BCE
had a system of writing, fine artwork, great sailors, traded with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Phoenicia, master builders of palaces that were maze like with plumbing and decorated with colorful murals

28. MYCENAEAN AGE Mycenaeans Greek mainland/ Mycenae 1400 – 1100 BCE
Built cities on top of hills, very similar to the Minoans – sailors, trade, palaces, and writing, conquered the Minoans

29. DARK AGE
Dorians
Invaders from northern Greece who came to middle and southern Greece
1100 – 800 BCE
Trade came to a stop, written language disappeared, people lived in isolated villages, oral traditions kept Greek history alive, population increases

30. AGE of EXPANSION 800ish – 500 BCE
Villages grow and develop back into cities, trade comes back and increases, leaders emerge in each city, city-states {an independent, self governing city and the land around it} develop and begin to fight one and compete against one another

31. Minoans of Crete
The islands were stepping stones by which civilization spread from Egypt and Mesopotamia westward into Europe.
The Minoans had running water, fresco paintings, women were equal to men, they had writing and artists, made ornaments and figures out of ivory, bronze, gold, and silver.
The Minoans had colonies on the Aegean Islands, in Greece and in Asia Minor.
That the Minoan culture was advanced and better than the Greeks and the Greeks were opened minded enough to realize this and change their ways to be like the Minoans

32. MINOANS MYCENAEANS First navy Named after King Minos
Had minitar and bull fighting
Known for pottery cups
On Crete
Weakened by fire, earthquakes, tidal waves
Linear A – cannot read
On Greek mainland
Had walls that were 40 ft. high and 20 ft. thick
Known for bronze weapons
Linear B – can read
Tall people
Fell to outsiders
Writing for record keeping
Had palaces
Were into trade
Seafarers - sailors

33. The Greek City-State Map of major Greek City-States in 500 BCE
Ruins of the agora at Corinth, Greece. Most Greek cities had an agora, which acted as the city center, housing marketplaces, civic centers, and forums.

34. Greek City-State

35. GREECE’S RELIGION

36. The gods controlled the world of nature and the human world.
Purpose of Myths and Legends:
celebrate the gods
explain the gods’ role in creating the world and causing natural events
to tell of the gods’ powers

37. All Greek gods were part of a family and Zeus was the supreme god.
Zeus – justice and weather
Poseidon – sea
Hera – marriage
Ares – war
Dionysus – wine
Apollo – light (sun), health, herding, prophecy

38. Ways the Greeks worshipped their gods:
prayed to them for things they wanted
thanked the gods with animal sacrifices
built sanctuaries where they could worship and honor the gods
religious festivals and competing in the Olympics

39. GOVERNMENTS of GREECE

40. MONARCHY King rules over a group of people
King was head of the most powerful family
Power was passed on to the oldest son
King relied on nobles to defend the land

41. OLIGARCHY A few people hold the power over a large group of people
Improved the government – more efficient
City-states grew to quickly – food shortages, discontent, poor farmers lost land to wealthy and became slaves

42. TYRANT
A leader who seizes power by force and rules single handedly {dictator}
Many people supported, laws are reformed, poor are aided, and taught the citizens by uniting behind a leader they could gain power and make changes
Leader can become harsh and greedy

43. DEMOCRACY Power to make decisions was in the hands of the people
Council proposed new laws, all citizens met every 9 days to vote on laws. Law courts had jurors who made decisions, all citizens rich or poor were involved
Not all citizens liked sharing power, especially the rich

44. GREEK CITIZENSHIP

45. ADULT MALE CITIZENS Men over eighteen
Your father had to have been a citizen and mother’s father had to have been a citizen for you to be a citizen
Only 45,000 citizens in Athens

46. WIVES and CHILDREN of CITIZENS
145,000 women and children of citizens in Athens
They had no political rights
They could not own land

47. METICS 35,000 foreigners in Athens
They were from other city-states or countries
They couldn’t vote or hold public office
They were protected by the law
They were usually traders, shopkeepers, craftsmen, or moneylenders

48. SLAVES About 80,000 slaves in Athens They were captured during war
They couldn’t vote or choose jobs
They needed permission to have a family
They were paid and could buy their freedom
They were farmhands, did household chores, metalwork, and made pottery

49. ANCIENT GREEK LIFE