1. FrescoesPolisAcropolis AgoraIliadOdyssey HomerMythsOracles Olympic GamesAristocraciesHoplite TyrantsPopular Government Democracy

2. Sea: 85 miles wide from coast to coast. Sea traders Land: Mountains separated communities and made it difficult to unite Greece under 1 government. Poor transportation: 7 days to travel 60 miles. Little farmable land. Climate: Warm all year. Favorable for outdoor leisure activities.

3. Leading city on the Greek mainland. Ruled by a warrior king who had absolute power. The warrior king controlled local production and commercial trade. Led their armies throughout the peninsula and the mainland to rob and plunder.

4. Greek word for city-state is polis. A polis is an absolutely independent and self-sufficient community. Small area. Population less than 10,000. Most were slaves and non- citizens (didn’t own land). Built on a acropolis (hill) Each had an agora (marketplace) for selling goods and holding public meetings to discuss important matters. Considered all non-Greeks to be barbarians.

5. Polis’ were each ruled in many different ways: 1. Monarchy: King/Queen rule (Mycenae) 2. Aristocracy: Nobles rule (Athens) Hereditary and based on land ownership. Wealth and social status supports rulers authority. 3. Oligarchy: Government ruled by a few powerful citizens (Sparta 800-600 B.C.) Rule is based on wealth. Rulers control the military. 4. Tyranny: Powerful individual who gains control of the government. Dictatorship 5. Democracy: State ruled by a small group of citizens (Athens 461 B.C.) Rule is based on citizenship (free adult males). Majority rules.

6. MinoansMycenaeans LocationCreteGreek Mainland, Crete Dates2000 B.C.-1500 B.C. 1600 B.C.-1200 B.C. AchievementsIndoor running water, art, trade network, navy, written language Built fort-like cities throughout Greece, kept written records Reason For Collapse Volcanic eruption, tidal waves Earthquakes, war

7. Use textbook pages 121-125 to create a timeline showing the significant events of the Persian Wars. Make your timeline self-explanatory so that someone looking at it can understand the events of the Persian Wars and who took part in them. 546 B.C. 500 B.C. 492 B.C. 490 B.C. 480 B.C. 479 B.C.

8. HelotsEphorsMetics ArchonsDirect Democracy Representative Democracy Persian WarsBattle of Marathon Battle of ThermopylaeThemistocles Delian LeaguePericles Peloponnesian War

9. Social ClassesSpartaAthens UpperEquals: descendents of the invaders Citizens: Athenian-born MiddleHalf-Citizens: free, non- descendents Metics: Non-citizens from outside Athens LowerHelots: slavesSlaves: captured in war. Treated as property.

10. SpartaAthens A)2 Hereditary kings: DUTY: 1 led the army while the other ruled the city-state. B) Council of Elders: 28 wealthy aristocrat males citizens over the age of 60. DUTY: Propose laws and served as the jury in criminal courts. C) Assembly: All male citizens 30+ years old. DUTY: Voted on laws proposed by Council of Elders. D) Ephors: 5 elected by the assembly for 1 year terms. DUTY: Made sure the kings did not abuse their power. Controlled the education of Spartans. Beginning: A)Assembly: all adult male citizens who owned land. Duties: Elect Generals; elect archons (9) as rulers to serve 1 year terms. B) Draco: Tryant who created harsh laws. C) Solon: divided all citizens into 4 groups based on wealth. 2 richest groups could hold office. Assembly: All citizens sat on the assembly and elected officials to office. Court: made up of citizen jurors D) Cleisthenes: turned Athens into a direct democracy. Council of 500: served 1 year term only. Duties: propose laws to the assembly. Assembly voted on laws. Jury: Citizens. Voted by secret ballot

11. 546 B.C. 500 B.C. 492 B.C. 490 B.C. 480 B.C. 479 B.C.

12. PhalanxOratorsDemosthenes Phillip II of MacedonAlexander the Great Hellenistic Culture

13. Moves into Greece One by one city-states fall Recruits paid army and applies Greek idea of phalanxes Athens fights, but city-states remain disunited Takes control of northern Athenian colonies Greece united under Philip’s rule Philip becomes king of Macedon Thebes and Athens defeated at Chaeronea in 338 B.C. Greek city-states are weakened by war and disunited Some, like Demosthenes, oppose

14. 1) What did Alexander do to accomplish each goal? Assess whether or not he accomplished it. 2) Why did Alexander’s empire collapse after his death? Goals of Alexander the Great Conquer the worldSpread Greek CultureManage an Empire

15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEabk4FnSaIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEabk4FnSaI (Part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCb- 4DCOmPQ&feature=relmfuhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCb- 4DCOmPQ&feature=relmfu (Part 2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zaM4dYnFm0&feature=rel mfuhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zaM4dYnFm0&feature=rel mfu (Part 3 Hellenistic Culture) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dof_uF1_0I&feature=relmf uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dof_uF1_0I&feature=relmf u (Part 4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOicwRXjecwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOicwRXjecw (Parts 1-4, first 30 minutes)

16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkWS9PiXekE&safe ty_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active (This is Sparta) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ew4qCi-- QY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=ac tivehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ew4qCi-- QY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=ac tive (Thermopylae )